Thẻ ghi nhớ: Materials to take us beyond concrete

explanation

/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ giải thích

industrial

/ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ công nghiệp

process

/ˈprɑˌsɛs/ quy trình

potential

She has the potential to become great writer

/pəˈtɛnʃəl/ tiềm năng

raw material

Wood is an important raw material for making furniture.

/rɑ məˈtɪriəl/ nguyên liệu thô

concrete

The workers used concrete to build the bridge.

/ˈkɑnkrit/ bê tông

coal-burning

Coal-burning power plants produce a large amount of carbon dioxide

/koʊl-ˈbɜrnɪŋ/ đốt than

iron ore

Iron ore is an important raw material used to produce steel.

/ˈaɪərn ɔr/ quặng sắt

smelting process

The smelting process is used to extract iron from iron ore.

/ˈsmɛltɪŋ ˈprɑˌsɛs/ quá trình luyện kim

alternative

We need to find an alternative source of energy.

/ɔlˈtɜrnətɪv/ phương án thay thế

cement

Cement is an essential material in the construction industry.

/səˈmɛnt/ xi măng

ash

Coal-burning produces a large amount of ash

/æʃ/ tro

slag

The smelting process produces a large amount of slag.

/slæɡ/ xỉ luyện kim

byproduct

Slag is a byproduct of the iron-smelting process.

/ˈbaɪprɑdəkt/ sản phẩm phụ

location

/loʊˈkeɪʃən/ vị trí

high-rise

Many high-rise buildings have been built in the city center.

/haɪ-raɪz/ tòa nhà cao tầng

wooden

The house has a beautiful wooden floor.

/ˈwʊdən/ gỗ

construct

The company plans to construct a new high-rise building.

/kənˈstrʌkt/ xây dựng

indication

A rise in temperature is an indication of climate change.

/ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/ chỉ số, dấu hiệu

abundance

The region has an abundance of natural resources.

/əˈbʌndəns/ sự phong phú

viable

Solar energy is a viable alternative to fossil fuels.

/ˈvaɪəbəl/ có khả năng thực hiện

project

/ˈprɑʤɛkt/ dự án

traditional

/trəˈdɪʃənəl/ truyền thống

environmental concern

Air pollution is a major environmental concern in large cities.

/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl kənˈsɜrn/ vấn đề môi trường

challenge

Climate change is a major challenge for governments around the world.

/ˈʧælənʤ/ thách thức

atmosphere

/ˈætməˌsfɪr/ khí quyển

construction material

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials.

/kənˈstrʌkʃən məˈtɪriəl/ vật liệu xây dựng

treat

We should treat the environment with greater care.

/trit/ điều trị

glue

The workers used glue to attach the wooden parts together.

/ɡlu/ dán, dính

block

The walls were built using concrete blocks.

/blɑk/ khối

light

/laɪt/ nhẹ

noise

/nɔɪz/ tiếng ồn

generate

Solar panels generate electricity from sunlight.

/ˈʤɛnəˌreɪt/ tạo ra

architect

The architect designed a modern high-rise building.

/ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt/ kiến trúc sư

moisture

Moisture can damage wooden construction materials over time

/ˈmɔɪsʧər/ độ ẩm

layer

The workers applied several layers of paint to the building.

/ˈleɪər/ lớp

speed

The construction process was completed at high speed.

/spid/ tốc độ

climate change

Climate change is one of the biggest environmental challenges facing the world today.

/ˈklaɪmət ʧeɪnʤ/ biến đổi khí hậu

timber

Timber is widely used as a construction material.

/ˈtɪmbər/ gỗ xây dựng

expand

The city is expanding rapidly due to population growth.

/ɪkˈspænd/ mở rộng

air

/ɛr/ không khí

absorb

Wood can absorb moisture from the air.

/əbˈzɔrb/ hấp thụ

enter

/ˈɛntər/ xâm nhập

stick

The wet material may stick to the surface.

/stɪk/ dính

form

Concrete can form a strong and durable structure.

/fɔrm/ hình thành

adhesive

The adhesive is used to stick the wooden pieces together.

/ædˈhisɪv/ chất dính

crosswise

The wooden boards were placed crosswise to make the structure stronger.

/ˈkrɔˌswaɪz/ ngang

initially

The building was initially designed as a small office.

/ɪˈnɪʃəli/ ban đầu

assume

We cannot assume that all construction materials are environmentally friendly.

/əˈsum/ cho rằng

carbon reduction

Carbon reduction is essential to combat climate change.

/ˈkɑrbən rəˈdʌkʃən/ giảm lượng carbon

ship

The company ships raw materials to factories around the world.

/ʃɪp/ vận chuyển

difficult

/ˈdɪfəkəlt/ khó khăn

comparable

The new material has strength comparable to that of concrete.

/ˈkɑmpərəbəl/ có thể so sánh

property

The chemical properties of this material make it suitable for construction

/ˈprɑpərti/ tính chất

stuff

The room was full of old stuff.

/stʌf/ vật liệu

lead

/lid/ dẫn đầu

interest

/ˈɪntrəst/ sự quan tâm

key driver

Population growth is a key driver of urban development.

/ki ˈdraɪvər/ động lực chính

demand

There is a growing demand for environmentally friendly construction materials.

/dɪˈmænd/ nhu cầu

globally

The demand for construction materials is increasing globally.

/ˈɡloʊbəli/ toàn cầu

expense

The company wants to reduce construction expenses.

/ɪkˈspɛns/ chi phí

negative

Climate change can have negative effects on the environmen

/ˈnɛɡətɪv/ tiêu cực

response

The government's response to climate change has been criticized.

/rɪˈspɑns/ phản ứng

cost-effective

Using recycled materials is a cost-effective way to reduce construction expenses.

/kɑst-ɪˈfɛktɪv/ hiệu quả về giá

resistance

This material has high resistance to moisture.

/rɪˈzɪstəns/ sự chống lại

novel

/ˈnɑvəl/ mới lạ

quantity

/ˈkwɑntəti/ số lượng

damage

/ˈdæməʤ/ tổn hại

high carbon

Coal is a high-carbon fuel that contributes to climate change.

/haɪ ˈkɑrbən/ carbon cao

substance

The researchers discovered a new substance in the material.

/ˈsʌbstəns/ chất

global economy

/ˈɡloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi/ kinh tế toàn cầu

greenhouse gas emission

/ˈɡrinˌhaʊs ɡæs ɪˈmɪʃənz/ khí thải nhà kính

chemical process

The production of cement involves several complex chemical processes

/ˈkɛməkəl ˈprɑˌsɛs/ quá trình hóa học

carbon dioxide

/ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd/ carbon dioxide

mid-century

/mɪd-ˈsɛnʧəri/ giữa thế kỷ

construction

/kənˈstrʌkʃən/ xây dựng

carbon emission

/ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃən/ khí thải carbon

global warming

/ˈɡloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ/ sự nóng lên toàn cầu

innovating

Companies are innovating to develop more sustainable construction materials.

/ˌɪnəˈveɪtɪŋ/ đổi mới

universal commodity

Cement has become a universal commodity in the construction industry.

/ˌjunəˈvɜrsəl kəˈmɑdəti/ hàng hóa phổ quát

underpinned

The growth of the construction industry was underpinned by strong demand for housing.

/ˈʌndərˌpɪnd/ được làm chắc chắn bởi

engineering professor

The engineering professor developed a new construction material

/ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ prəˈfɛsər/ giáo sư kỹ thuật

scale

The project is too expensive to be carried out on a large scale.

/skeɪl/ quy mô

ingredient

Cement is an important ingredient in concrete production.

/ɪnˈɡridiənt/ thành phần

marvellous

/ˈmɑːrvələs/ tuyệt vời

mouldable

The material is lightweight and mouldable, making it suitable for construction.

/ˈmoʊldəbᵊl/ có thể đúc

pourable

The material is lightweight and pourable, making it easy to use in construction.

/ˈpɔrəbᵊl/ có thể đổ

reinforce

Steel bars are used to reinforce concrete structures.

/ˌriɪnˈfɔrs/ củng cố

flexible

/ˈflɛksəbəl/ linh hoạt

medieval

The castle was built in the medieval period.

/mɪˈdivəl/ thời Trung cổ

treated timber

Treated timber is more resistant to moisture and insects.

/ˈtritəd ˈtɪmbər/ gỗ được xử lý

susceptible

Untreated timber is susceptible to moisture and insect damage.

/səˈsɛptəbəl/ dễ bị tác động

proven in practice

The effectiveness of this construction method has been proven in practice.

/ˈpruvən ɪn ˈpræktəs/ đã được chứng minh trong thực tế