Sekgakwe Region Social Studies Revision Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering map reading, physical geography, ancient history, governance, economics, and environmental studies from the Sekgakwe Region Social Studies curriculum.

Map

A drawing representing all or a part of the earth’s surface.

Statement Scale

A type of map scale written in statement form, such as 'one centimetre on the map represents hundred kilometres on the ground'.

Representative Fraction (RF) Scale

A map scale written in ratio form (e.g., 1:200 000) where the map distance and ground distance use the same units.

Cardinal Points

The main compass directions: North, South, East, and West.

Northings

The horizontal lines of a grid reference on a topographic map whose numerical values increase as one moves northwards.

Eastings

The vertical lines of a grid reference on a topographic map whose numerical values increase as one moves eastwards.

Contour Lines

Lines drawn on maps joining places that share the same height above sea level or altitude.

Vertical Interval

The difference in height between two adjacent or successive contour lines.

Sketch Map

A simple drawing showing only the main features of an area and their locations, accompanied by clear labels, a key, and a direction symbol.

Quantitative Data

Research data that is collected and presented in the form of numbers.

Qualitative Data

Research data collected in the form of text representing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or perceptions.

Weather

The condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time, such as a day, a week, or a month.

Climate

The average weather conditions of the atmosphere in a given area over a long period of time, such as 40 years.

Convectional Rainfall

Rainfall caused when the sun heats the earth and land, causing warm moist air to rise, cool, condense into clouds, and fall, usually accompanied by thunder and lightning.

Relief Rainfall

Rainfall occurring when warm, moist air is forced to rise over mountains or hills, cooling and condensing to form rain on the windward side.

Frontal Rainfall

Light or drizzling rain occurring along coastal areas where warm air masses meet cold air masses, forcing lighter warm air to rise.

Unsustainable Environment

A situation where the environment is degraded to an extent that it can no longer effectively support human use.

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS)

The traditional body of knowledge, beliefs, and practices used by different societies to manage their environment and survive.

Customary Marriage

A marriage performed according to the traditional customs and practices of an ethnic group.

Civil Marriage

A marriage contracted according to formal statutory marriage laws created by the government.

Gender Equity

Treating males and females in ways that are fair to each gender within a given situation.

Gender Based Violence

Any harmful physical, sexual, or mental act committed against an individual or group because of their gender.

Pre-history

The period of human existence before people started creating written records.

Theory of Evolution

The scientific concept that all living organisms developed over millions of years from earlier forms through natural selection and survival of the fittest.

Australopithecine

The earliest hominid ancestors of modern humans who walked on two legs with a forward stoop and possessed simple, small brains.

Homo Habilis

An early human species known as 'Handy man' who lived about 2.5 million years ago and made simple Oldowan stone tools.

Homo Erectus

An early human species known as 'Upright man' who lived around 1.8 million years ago, used fire, and created Acheulian hand axes.

Homo Sapiens

Modern humans ('wise man') who appeared 50,000–300,000 years ago, made microlith tools, painted rocks, and buried their dead.

Microliths

Tiny, sharp, complex stone flakes attached to wooden handles using tree gum, made by Homo Sapiens during the Late Stone Age.

Ziggurat

A massive pyramid-shaped platform with a temple at the top where ancient Mesopotamians worshipped their gods through priests.

Cuneiform

An ancient Mesopotamian writing system consisting of wedge-shaped characters pressed into wet clay tablets.

Code of Hammurabi

A unified set of written laws created by King Hammurabi to govern citizens and maintain order across Mesopotamia.

Hieroglyphics

The picture-based writing system created by ancient Egyptians to represent objects, ideas, or sounds on papyrus sheets.

Shaduf

A lever-based irrigation tool used by ancient Egyptians to scoop water from the Nile River into field canals.

Legislature

The branch of government tasked with making, changing, and passing laws, composed of the National Assembly and Ntlo ya Dikgosi in Botswana.

Executive

The branch of government responsible for formulating policies, managing national development, and implementing laws, headed by the President.

Judiciary

The branch of government responsible for interpreting the Constitution, trying criminal cases, and resolving legal disputes.

Kagisano

The national concept of social harmony and peace among citizens living cooperatively despite diverse backgrounds.

Primary Sector

The economic sector concerned with extracting or harvesting raw materials directly from natural resources, such as mining or fishing.

Secondary Sector

The economic sector focused on processing raw materials into semi-finished or finished manufactured products.

Tertiary Sector

The economic sector providing essential services to consumers and businesses, such as banking, transportation, and education.

Quaternary Sector

The economic sector involving intellectual and knowledge-based activities, such as information technology, archives, and research.

Open Pit Mining

A surface extraction method where topsoil is removed and shallow rock strata are blasted to extract minerals near the surface.

Shaft Mining

An underground mining method using deep vertical shafts and horizontal galleries to extract mineral ore buried far beneath the surface.

Continental Drift

The gradual movement of continental tectonic plates floating over molten magma away from or toward each other.

Folding

The process where horizontal compressive forces compress and bend layers of the earth's crust upward into fold mountains.

Urbanisation

The rapid growth of cities and towns caused by large-scale migration of people from rural areas to urban centres.

Cow Horn Formation

A Zulu battle tactic developed under Shaka dividing the army into the chest (main force), horns (flanking wings), and lions (reserves).

Mfecane

A period of widespread warfare, migration, and political disruption across Southern Africa between 1820 and 1850.

Nationalism

The desire of a nation or group of people to gain political independence and self-governance from foreign rule.

Entrepreneurship

The process and skill of identifying business opportunities, organizing production factors, and running an enterprise to make a profit.

Equilibrium Price

The market price at which the quantity of a product demanded by buyers equals the exact quantity supplied by producers.

Sustainable Development

Development that satisfies current social and economic needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet theirs.