AP CSP - Unit 2 Vocab

Computing Device

a machine capable of running programs, such as computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors.

Computing System

a collection of computing devices and programs collaborating towards a common goal.

Computing Network

a set of interconnected computing devices capable of transmitting and receiving data.

Path

the sequence of connections between computing devices on a network, from sender to receiver.

Bandwidth

the maximum data volume that can be transmitted in a specific time, typically measured in bits per second.

Protocol

an agreed set of rules defining the behavior of a system.

IP Address

a unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol assigning unique IP addresses to connected devices for data transmission over the Internet.

Router

a computer type that forwards data across networks and determines the appropriate network for data transmission.

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components in a system to ensure functionality even if individual components fail.

Fault Tolerant

the ability of a system to continue operating despite component failures.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol, used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

DNS

Domain Name System, translating domain names to numeric addresses for data transmission.

Internet

a network of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Packet

a data chunk sent over a network, often used to transmit larger messages.

Packet Metadata

data added to packets to aid in routing and message reassembly.

Routing

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver for data transmission.

UDP

a protocol for fast data transmission on the internet with minimal error checking.

World Wide Web

a system of interconnected pages, programs, and files.

Certificate Authority

issues digital certificates validating encryption key ownership for secure communications.

Digital Divide

unequal access to computing devices and the Internet based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic factors.

Net Neutrality

the principle that ISPs should provide equal access to all content and applications without bias.

Internet Censorship

controlling or restricting access to online content, publications, or views, often for regulatory or protective purposes.

Abstraction

simplifying complex concepts into more understandable representations, like binary digits abstracted as decimal numbers.