final exam study guide

What is tuberculosis (TB)

a contagious bacteria infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets.

What is the ,most common cause of death in men and women

Heart disease

what is pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac around the heart

what is the cardiovascular system consist of

heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries

What is ulcerative colitis

A chronic inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum

What its appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Autonomic nervous system

Controls involuntary body functions. heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, breathing

Sympathetic: fight or flight, increase heart rate, dilates pupils

Parasympathetic: rest and digest, slow heart rate, stimulates digestion

is viral meningitis lefe- threatning

no. most patients recover completely

function of the urinary system

filters blod, removes waste, produces urine, maintains fluid/ electrolyte balance, hlelps regulate blood pressure

organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

does end-stage renal disease require dialysis

yes! patients usually require dialysis or kidney transplant

know the meaning of

when should a pelvic exam and Pap smear be performed

pelvic: clinically indicated or recommended by provider

Pap smear: at age 21 or 3 years after first intercourse

what is type 1 diabetes

autoimmune doseasse in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin

pediatrics

cares for infants, children and adolescents

acute and chronic illness

acute: sudden onset, short duration ex: flu, appendicitis

chronic: long-lasting, usually more than 3 months ex: diabetes, hypertension

hematology

study of blood, blood-forming organs, blood disorders

what is CLIA

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

most common site for venipuncture

median cubital

what is sickle cell

an inherited blood disorder in which red blood cells became sickle-shaped

what is plasma

liquid portion of the blood. contains water, protein, hormones, nutrients, waste products

what is hyperkalemia

too much potassium in the blood can cause dangerous heart rhythm abnormalities

HDL vs LDL

HDL: good cholesterol ( H- healthy)

LDL: bad cholesterol (L- lousy)

what is nosocomial infection

hospital acquired infection. develops during hospitalization and was not present on admission

what is normal flora

microorganism that normally live on or inside the body without causing disease ex: skin, mouth, intestines

how much protein is normally found in urine

none to trace amounts. Large amount may indicate kidney disease

saliva

saliva contains amylase, which begins carbohydrates digestion.

asymptomatic

has the disease but no symptoms

through airborne droplets release when an infected person coughs or sneezes

TB spreads through the air

conduct the interview in a private room with the door closed

protects patient privacy

pounds and kilograms

standard way to record weight

heat

heat is a byproduct of metabolism

ophthalmoscope

used to examine the inside of the eye

right to know

OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is often called the Right- to -

Know law

positioning the patient

positioning comes before the sterile prep and draping

pharmacology

study of medications

relieve pain

analgesics reduce pain

route

route is how medication gets from administration site to target

multiple mL by 30

1oz= 30mL

as low as reasonably achieved

ALARA principle

identify and correct any life threatening problems

patient assessment priority

hypovolemic shock

caused by blood or fluid loss

epidemic

many people affected in one community or region

a fire in the building

requires evacuation

folliculitis

infection of a hair follicle

moist heat

warm moist compresses promote healing

reduction

realigning fractured bones

pathologic

disease causing abnormal structure/ function

retina

contains rods and cones

ceruminossis

excess earwax buildup

respiratory droplets

TB transmission

lung cancer

leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women