evolutionary people & ideas

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Last updated 7:42 PM on 7/29/26
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23 Terms

1
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Anaximander

  • 610 - 546 BC

  • life arose in water, simpler forms preceded more complicated forms (only fragments of writing)

2
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Xenophobes

  • 570 - 480 BC

  • cycles of moisture eroding land → mud → water → land (fossils of marine organisms)

3
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Herodotus

  • 484-425 BC

  • fossils of marine organisms in Egypt suggested it was once underwater

4
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Aristotle

  • 383-322 BC

  • scala nature, fossil seashells similar to modern ones on beach

5
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Eratostenes

  • 276-194 BC

  • fossils of marine organisms existed

6
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Strabo

  • 64 BC - 24 AD

  • mentioned fossil shells

7
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Middle Ages

  • 476-1500

  • Great chain of being

8
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Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

  • 980-1037

  • fossils, uniformitarianism concept

9
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Nicholaus Steno

  • 1638-1689

  • dutch anatomist (Catholic bishop) stratigraphy, tongue stones

10
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Carolus Linnaeus

  • 1707-1778

  • taxonomy

11
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Georges Buffon

  • 1707-1788

  • 70,000 year old earth, life transformed when environment changed

12
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James Hutton

  • 1726-1797

  • earth was very old, cycles of destruction and rebirth

  • father of modern geology

13
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Jean-Baptiste Lamark

  • 1744-1829

  • evolution (inheritance of acquired characteristics)

14
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Georges Cuvier

  • 1769-1832

  • extinction was real, evolution was not

15
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William Smith

  • 1769-1839

  • formalized stratigraphy, made first geological map

16
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Charles Lyell

  • 1797-1875

  • uniformitarianism

17
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Mary Anning

  • 1799-1847

  • multiple spectacular fossil discoveries in early 1800s, coprolites (bezoar stones) were fossilized poop

  • discovered ichthyosaur skeleton, 2 plesiosaur skeletons, 1 pterosaur skeleton, fish fossils, belemnite fossils

18
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Charles Darwin

  • 1809-1882

  • evolution through natural selection

19
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Gregor Mendel

  • 1822-1884

  • mathematical patterns of heritable traits

20
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Alfred Wallace

  • 1823-1913

  • evolution through natural selection (independently)

21
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Hugo de Vries

  • 1848-1935

  • rediscovered Mendel’s principles of heredity, mutation ideas

22
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William Paley

  • 1743-1805

  • watch implies watchmaker

  • mechanical complexity of animal organs provided evidence for the existence of a divine creator

23
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Dawkins

  • 1986

  • wrote book called “The Blind Watchmaker”

  • demonstrates how eyes evolved