Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

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14 Terms

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Malarial parasites

  • reproduce sexually inside mosquito

  • reproduce asexually inside human

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<p>Fungi</p>

Fungi

  • genetically identical spores by asexual reproduction

  • sexually produced spores to introduce variation and increase chances of survival in case of environmental change

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<p>Plants</p>

Plants

  • reproduce sexually(egg cells and pollen) to give seeds

  • reproduce asexually

    • strawberries send out runners

    • daffodils grow identical bulbs

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Features of asexual reproduction

  1. only one parent

  2. offspring are genetically identical/clones to parent

  3. No variation

  4. Mitosis

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Features of sexual reproduction

  1. Two parents

  2. Offspring are genetically different

  3. Variation

  4. Gametes produced by meiosis

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Process of sexual reproduction

Gametes(egg and sperm) with 23 chromosomes fuse together to form a new zygote with 46 chromosomes

<p><span style="color: purple">Gametes</span>(egg and sperm) with 23 chromosomes fuse together to form a new <span style="color: purple">zygote</span> with<mark data-color="green"> 46 chromosomes</mark></p>
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Mitosis

  • gives genetically identical cells

  • growth, repair of tissues, and asexual reproduction

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Meiosis

  • gives genetically different cells

  • producing gametes

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DIPloid vs. HAPloid

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Stages of meiosis

  1. DNA is replicated

  2. The pairs of chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell

  3. The pairs are pulled apart

  4. Two new cells are formed, each with one copy of each chromosome, some form each parent cell

  5. In each cell, the chromosomes line up along the centre again

  6. The arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart

  7. Four gametes are formed which contain half the number of chromosomes

<ol><li><p><span style="color: green">DNA</span> is <span style="color: purple">replicated</span></p></li><li><p>The pairs of <span style="color: red">chromosomes line up along the centre </span>of the cell</p></li><li><p>The pairs are <span style="color: blue">pulled apart</span></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="green">Two</mark> new cells are formed, each with <span style="color: yellow">one copy of each chromosome</span>, some form each parent cell</p></li><li><p>In each cell, the <span style="color: green">chromosomes line up along the centre again</span></p></li><li><p>The arms of the chromosomes are <span style="color: purple">pulled apart</span></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="green">Four</mark> gametes are formed which contain <span style="color: red">half the number of chromosomes</span></p></li></ol>
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What happens after fertilisation?

  • cell divides by mitosis

  • cells differentiate to give rise to specialised cells

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Advantages of sexual reproduction

  • there is variation in the offspring

  • this increases their chance of survival in case of a change in environment due to variety of alleles

  • they will survive to reproduce successfully and pass on alleles due to natural selection

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Advantages of asexual reproduction

  • only one parent needed

  • uses less energy since organisms don’t need to find a mate

  • faster

  • identical offspring so favourable in crop production

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