(draft)A&P CHAPTER 12 PT.3

somebody else-mario & nicki minaj

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

maintains homeostasis through vital involuntary functions such as heart pumping and regulating blood pressure. mainly ran by hypothalamus, components of limbic system, and the cerebral cortex.

vasopressor center

neurons are located in nuclei of the anterolateral pons and medulla. increases rate and force of heart pumping and causes blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure

vasodepressor center

inferior and medial to vasopressor. decreases rate and force of contractions of the heart and dilates the blood vessels, decreasing blood pressure.

orexins

neurotransmitters that stimulate the hypothalamus to induce hunger and regulate blood glucose. also maintains wakefulness throughout the day.

step 1 of sleep

Neurons from the eye signal the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that the light level is decreasing

step 2 of sleep

The SCN triggers melatonin production from the epithalamus

step 3 of sleep

Melatonin released from the epithalamus decreases the activity of the SCN and the cerebral cortex

step 3 of sleep

Melatonin released from the epithalamus decreases the activity of the SCN and the cerebral cortex

step 4 of sleep

he median preoptic nucleus and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus suppress the areas of the reticular formation that promote wakefulness, which leads to sleep.

suprachiasmic nucleus (SCN)

region of hypothalamus that regulates circadian rhythm

beta waves

low-amplitude, high frequency. Signify being awake

stages 1-3

characterized by drowsiness that progresses to moderately deep sleep and a slowing of the normal waking beta wave rhythm into what is known as theta waves. The amplitude of the theta waves increases and their frequency decreases as we move from stage to stage

stave 4

during this stage, the brain waves, called delta waves, become lower in frequency and higher in amplitude. Delta waves are also seen during general anesthesia and in awake adults with significant brain damage

rem stage

The stage of the sleep cycle characterized by rapid, back-and-forth eye movements during which most dreaming occurs.

special senses

are detected by special sense organs and include vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste

general senses

detected by sensory neurons in the skin, muscles, or walls of organs

tactile senses

The senses that pertain to fine or discriminative touch, including vibration, two-point discrimination, and light touch