PCQA part 1 continuation

Carbon

Basic building unit of organic compounds

Fundamental constituent of all animals and Vegetable tissues

Can form bonds with itself

Occurs free in nature

CO2

C+0=

CH4

C+H=

Diamond, graphite

Crystallines

Diamond, graphite

- Arranged in planar crystal structure

- has lubricant properties

Coal (SOFT), anthracite (HARD)

Amorphous

Activated Charcoal

Component of universal antidote

Adsorbent

Used in Diarrhea and in poisoning

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Carbonic acid gas

Respiratory stimulant (CO poisoning)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Treatment of persistent hiccups

Used in the manufacturing of soda, carbonated water

Dry ice

Refrigerants

Solid CO2

Acne, corns, calluses, moles, warts and eczema

Carbon Monoxide

Cherry red color of blood

Carbon Monoxide

210X affinity to hemoglobin

Carbon Monoxide

Automobile exhaust

oxygen(100%)

artificial air (80% helium, 20% oxygen)

Hyperbaric O2 (Oxygen at highest pressure)

O2-CO2 mixture

Antidote for Carbon monoxide

Silicon

2nd most abundant element

Silicon dioxide

Silica

SiO2 another name

Silicosis (hemoptysis)

SiO2 poisoning

Alumina (Al2O3)

SiO2 poisoning antidote

Glass

Formed by fusion of Silicon with base agents used to modify glass. (Na2CO3 with pure silica)

Type I - Borosilicate (Parenteral)

Type II - Treated soda lime glass

Type III - Soda lime (Most familiar / common type of glass)

Type IV - General soda lime glass (Non parenteral)

Types of Glass

KIESELGUHR silica

Another name of Purified Silicaceous Earth

(Polymagma®, Quintess®)

Attapulgite brand name

Tin

Sn+2

Sn+3

Manufacture of cans

Household utensils

Babbit Metal

Pewter Metal

Gun Metal

Solder Metal

Rose Metal

Plumber Solder

Tin alloys

80% Sn & 20% Antimony

Babbit Metal components

75% Sn & 25% Pb

Pewter Metal components

10% Sn & 90% Cu

Gun Metal components

50% Sn & 50% Pb

Solder Metal components

25% Sn, 25% Pb, & 50% Bi

Rose Metal components

33% Pb & 67% Sn

Plumber Solder components

Cassiterite / Mineral Tin Stone

Tin principal ores

Tin Fluoride (SnF2)

Anti-cariogenic

8%- 1 application

Tin oxide (SnO2)

Germicidal aganist Staphylococcus aureus

Lead (Plumbum)

Most metallic element of G4A

Pb+2

Pb+3

Uses: Astringent, Protein precipitant

PLUMBISM

Lead Encepalopathy

Characterized by memory loss, irritability, projectile vomiting

EDTA
Calcium Sodium Versenate

Plumbism antidote

Lead pipe

Cocktail glass

Canned food

Automobile exhaust

Paints Earthen

utensils

Cable wires

Sources of Lead

Galena

Lead most common ore

Litharge

secondary mineral which forms from the oxidation of galena ores

Sugar of Lead

Salt of Saturn

Lead Acetate Pb(CH3COO-)2 other name

Lead Acetate Pb(CH3COO-)2

Astringent

Pharmaceutical necessity for preparation of Lead Subacetate solution

Al acetate solution

Component of Burrow's solution

Lead subacetate Pb20(CH3COO)2

Solution of lead acetate and lead oxide

Astringent, antiseptic

Goulard’s Extract

Lead subacetate Pb20(CH3COO)2 another name

Litharge

Lead oxide (PbO) another name

Lead oxide

Preparation for Lead Subacetate

Titanium family

Group IV-B family name

Titanium

Titan (Son of Earth)

Powerful reducing agent

Rutile - tetrahedral

Brookite - orthorombic

Anatase - orthorombic

Ilmenite

Titanite

Titanium ores

Titanium dioxide TiO2

Solar ray protectant

Lotions & sunblocking creams

Opacifying agent

reflects UV rays

Titanium dioxide TiO2 MOA

Zirconium

Used as deodorant & antiperspirant

Causes pulmonary granuloma formation

Can lead to cancer

Zirconium

Resembles silicon

Zircon

Baddeleyite

Zirconium ores