Blood Gas Analysis (ABGs) and Acid-Base Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards covering Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) normal values, acid-base disorder patterns, and interpretation steps based on the lecture notes.

Normal pH Range

$7.35 - 7.45$; measures the overall acid-base balance of the body.

$PCO_2$ (Normal Range)

$35-45\,mmHg$; regulated by the lungs to measure ventilation.

$HCO_3$ (Normal Range)

$22-26\,mmol/L$; regulated by the kidneys to measure metabolic (renal) status.

$PO_2$ (Normal Range)

$80-100\,mmHg$; regulated by the lungs to measure oxygenation.

Respiratory Acidosis

A lung problem involving retained $CO_2$ (e.g., COPD), showing a pattern of $pH \downarrow$ and $CO_2 \uparrow$.

Metabolic Acidosis

A problem with the kidneys or excess acid, showing a pattern of $pH \downarrow$ and $HCO_3 \downarrow$.

Respiratory Alkalosis

Condition caused by hyperventilation (too much breathing), showing a pattern of $pH \uparrow$ and $CO_2 \downarrow$.

Metabolic Alkalosis

Condition caused by too much bicarbonate (e.g., vomiting), showing a pattern of $pH \uparrow$ and $HCO_3 \uparrow$.

ABG Interpretation: Step 1

Look at the $pH$ level to determine if the state is Acid or Base.

ABG Interpretation: Step 2

Look at $CO_2$; if it moves opposite of the $pH$, the disorder is Respiratory.

ABG Interpretation: Step 3

Look at $HCO_3$; if it moves opposite of the $pH$, the disorder is Metabolic.

ABG Interpretation: Step 4

Decide the primary disorder and check for compensation.