HW 1.1 Review and Data Analysis Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering foundational statistics topics including types of variables, graphical distortions, two-way table probabilities, and bivariate relationships based on lecture homework review notes.

Individuals

The objects described by a set of data, such as the tall buildings listed in the data set.

Categorical Variable

A variable that places an individual into one of several groups or categories, such as Country or Use (e.g., Hotel, Office, Mixed).

Quantitative Variable

A variable that takes numerical values for which arithmetic operations like taking an average make sense, such as Height, Floors, or Year built.

Vertical Scale Truncation Distortion

A graph error where the vertical axis starts at a value other than zero (such as starting at $80$ instead of $0$), causing visual proportions to be misleading and making differences between categories appear exaggerated.

Hot Water Condition (Python Eggs Experiment)

An experimental treatment condition that duplicates the extra warmth provided by the mother python to newly laid eggs.

Cold Water Condition (Python Eggs Experiment)

An experimental treatment condition that duplicates the absence of the mother python for newly laid eggs.

Overall Hatching Proportion

The total proportion of eggs in the study that hatched, which is $\frac{129}{187}$.

Hot Water Assignment Percentage

The percentage of total eggs randomly assigned to hot water, calculated as $\frac{104}{187} \times 100 \thickapprox 55.6_percent$ ($\frac{104}{187} \thickapprox 55.6_percent$).

Cold or Neutral Hatched Percentage

The percentage of eggs in the study that were assigned to cold or neutral water and successfully hatched, calculated as $\frac{16 + 38}{187} = \frac{54}{187} \thickapprox 28.9_percent$.

Conditional Hatching Rate for Hot Water

The proportion of eggs assigned to hot water that hatched, equal to $\frac{75}{104} \thickapprox 72.1_percent$.

Temperature and Hatching Association

The observed relationship showing that as the temperature of the snake's nest gets warmer, there is a slight increase in the likelihood that an egg will hatch.

Age Group and Navigation Relationship

The relationship revealing that as age group increases, the percentage of smartphone owners who use their phone for turn-by-turn navigation decreases.

Pie Chart Appropriateness Criterion

The requirement that a pie chart can only be used when category percentages represent parts of the same single whole.