volcanic and earthqauke hazards + what causes them

What is the factor to do with energy released for EQ

More energy released more intense the EQ is

What is the factor to do with geology for EQ

Hard rock will do more damage but soft rock with move/crumble more easily

What is the factor to do with the focus for EQ

The more shallow the focus the more intense the EQ as it will reach the surface with more energy than if it were deeper where it would have been absorbed

What is the factor to do population for EQ

The denser the population the more people at risk. Also more people harder to evacuate

What is the factor to do with buildings for EQ

More earthquake proof buildings and open spaces the less collapsing buildings and falling debris

What is the factor to do with time of day for EQ

During day people at work - good if work space EQ proof and home is not and vice versa. Don’t worry too much about this one

Name the 4 primary hazards for a volcano eruption

Ash, lava, pyroclastic flow, rock/debris

3 Secondary hazards for a volcano

Tsunami, lahar, landslide

What does is ash and what does it do? (v)

Ash is tiny pieces of solid rock which can restrict vision or breathing if inhaled

What does is lava and what does it do? (v)

Lava is magma when it reaches the surface and it is extremely hot and will destroy anything in its path including people or buildings

What does is pyroclastic flow and what does it do? (v)

Combination of debris, hot ash, gases and lava fragments. It’s very fast and extremely hit making it dangerous and difficult to escape

What does is lahar and what does it do? (v)

Lahar is a destructive mudflow made of water, ash, mud and rock fragments. It can destroy buildings

What does is rock/debris and what does it do? (v)

Rock/debris is created when any of the other hazards destroy a building. These remains can crash into people or buildings causing even more destruction