Cellular Adaptations, Damage & Necrosis

This set of flashcards covers the key vocabulary related to cellular adaptations, damage, and necrosis as outlined in the lecture notes.

Atrophy

Decrease in the size of cells, tissues, or organs.

Hyperplasia

Enlargement of an organ due to increased production rate of its cells.

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of an organ due to an increase in the size of cells.

Metaplasia

The change of a cell from one type to another type of cell.

Dysplasia

Abnormal changes in the cell structure, indicating a precancerous condition.

Neoplasia

New production of cells, often referring to tumors.

Homeostasis

The stability and balancing of biological systems necessary for survival.

Necrosis

Cell death caused by injury or ischemia, resulting in non-living tissue.

Liquefactive Necrosis

The softening of necrotic tissue into a paste-like mush or watery debris.

Coagulative Necrosis

Cell death typically caused by ischemia, characterized by tissue firmness.

Caseous Necrosis

Tissue death with a cheese-like appearance, typically surrounded by inflammation.

Gangrene

Tissue death caused by infection or lack of blood flow.

Apoptosis

Normal programmed cell death that occurs as part of growth or development.

Ischemia

A reduction in blood flow leading to low oxygen supply to tissues.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

An enlargement of the prostate gland due to hyperplasia.

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Enlargement of the heart muscle due to increased workload.

Chronic irritation

Prolonged exposure to harmful substances that may lead to metaplasia.

Neoplasm

An abnormal mass of tissue that can be benign or malignant.

Myocardial Infarction

Commonly known as a heart attack, caused by the interruption of blood supply.

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease that can cause caseous necrosis in the lungs.

Abscess

A localized collection of pus in tissues, resulting from infection.

Fluid balance

The maintenance of the proper amount and composition of bodily fluids.

Muscular atrophy

Loss of muscle mass due to underuse or immobility.

Tissue death

The degeneration or necrosis of cells in an organ or tissue.

Tumor

An abnormal growth of tissue that can present as neoplasia.

Smokers' lung changes

Metaplastic changes in airway tissues due to chronic smoking.

Granulomatous inflammation

An immune response characterized by the formation of granulomas.

Programmed cell death

A controlled mechanism of cell death that occurs during normal development.

Cellular stress

Physical or chemical stimuli that can lead to cellular adaptations or damage.

Necrotic tissue

Tissue that has died due to injury or circulatory insufficiency.

Hormonal stimulation

Signaling that can promote hypertrophy in certain tissues.

Cellular dysfunction

Abnormal metabolic activities that can lead to dysplasia.

Oxygen deprivation

A lack of oxygen supply, leading to necrosis or cellular injury.