Chapter 14: Acid Base Equilibrium

What are some common strong acids?

• HI

• HBr

• HCl

• HNO3

• HClO4

• H2SO4

• HClO4

What are some common strong bases?

• NaOH

• KOH

• LiOH

• Ba(OH)2

• Sr(OH)2

• Ca(OH)2

What are the characteristics of strong acids/bases?

The ionize completely in water. Equilibrium favors products completely,

What are common weak acids?

• HF

• HNO2

• HClO

• HCN

• C7H6O2

• C3HCOOH

What are the characteristics of strong acids/bases?

They do not ionize completely. Equilibrium lies with reactants. May have 0.1% ionizes or even 0.05% ionization.

How does a neutralization reaction occur?

It occurs when a weak acid/base combine with a strong base or acid. It also leads to the formation of water, which is a huge driving force.

What is the equilibrium constant for a neutralization?

Kn

What is an Arrhenius Acid?

Produces H3O+ ions.

What is an Arrhenius Base?

Produce OH- ions.

What is a Bronstead Lowry Acid?

Donates protons to the base.

What is a Bronstead Lowry Base?

Accepts protons from the acid.

What are amphoteric species?

Species that can act as both a base and acid (H2O and HCO3).

What is a Lewis Acid?

Accepts electrons from the base.

What is a Lewis Base?

Forms covalent bonds by donating electrons to the acid.

How do you solve the kw of water?

[H3O][OH-]= kw (1.0×10^-14)

How do you solve pkw

pka +pkb= pkw

How do you find pH?

pH=-log[H3O+]

How do you find pOH?

pOH=-log[OH-]

If you have the pOH or vice versa, how would you find the other?

• 14-pOH= pH

• 14-pH=pOH

True or False: The concentration of H3O and OH- is equivalent to the concentration of the strong acid or base?

True

When do we use assumption for solving x?

If the exponent is 10^-4 and smaller.

What is the equation for ka of a weak acid?

[H3O][A-] / HA

How do you find the percent ionization of a weak acid? Try writing it.

x/initial concentration of weak/base x 100

What is the equation for comparing kb and ka? What are the results of comparing?

• ka + kb = kw (1.0×10^-14)

• ka= [reactants]/[products]

• kb= [reactants]/[products]

  • Higher ka means more acidic

  • Higher kb means more basic.

What is a neutral anion?

A conjugate base that comes from a strong acid.

What is a basic anion?

A conjugate base that come from a weak acid.

What is an acidic anion?

A conjugate base that comes from a polyprotic acid.

Which typically has a larger ka: ka1 of ka2?

Ka1 because it’s more willing to give off an H+.

Salts of amphoteric anions yield what?

Basic or acidic solutions. To find out which is more acidic or basic, compare ka and kb.

Neutral anion +neutral cation =

Neutral compound (NaCl)

basic anion +neutral cation=

Basic compound

Acidic cation + neutral anion

Acidic compound.