Quiz 4-Movement of Solutes across the Cell Membrane

Trascription

DNA to RNA

Translation

RNA to Protein

How many chromosomes per cell

46

Chromosomes are coiled around

histones that turn into nucleosomes

Ribosome

translation of RNA to amino acids (dehydration synthesis)

Irreducible Complexity

when two things cannot work apart

Transcription takes place

in the nucleus

Translation takes place

in the cytoplasm (ribosome)

Glial cells

supporting cells of the nervous system

Dentrites

receive signals from other cells

Cell Body

main part of cell

Axon Hillock

all or nothing (threshold)

Axon

sends signals down

Axon Terminals

forms junctions with other cells

Schwann cells are found in

the PNS

Oligodendrocytes are found in

CNS

Kinesin

walks down the microtubule carrying a full secretory vesicle to the axon terminal

Dynein

walks up the microtubule carrying a recycled vesicle to the cell body

Afferent

conduct signals from nerves to brain

Efferent

conducts signals from brain to nerves

Interneurons

conduct signals from neuron to neruon

Presynaptic

before the synapse at the axon terminal

Postsynaptic

after synapse at the dendrites

Synapse

the gap between cells

Oligodendrocyte/Schwann cells

form myelin sheath

Astrocyte

regulate composition of extracellular fluid, blood-brain barrier, sustain neurons metabolically

Migroglia

immune functions in CNS, possible synapse plasticity

Ependymal cells

line fluid filled cavities in brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous system injury

slow regrowth, axon severed from axon body degenerates

Central Nervous System Injury

crushing, apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, sever will grow some but never functions

Electric potential

difference in charge, measures in Volts/millivolts

Current

movement of charge, impacted by voltage and resistance