Introduction to Biochemistry

These flashcards provide key vocabulary and definitions related to the concepts in biochemistry as discussed in the lecture notes.

Biochemistry

The chemistry of life, focusing on the chemical basis of life and the various molecules that occur in living cells.

Monomer

A small biomolecule that can combine to form polymers, examples include amino acids and nucleotides.

Polymer

A macromolecule formed from the assembly of monomers, examples include proteins and nucleic acids.

Metabolism

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that involve the conversion of food to energy, the biosynthesis of necessary compounds, and the degradation of waste products.

Prokaryotes

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory that states that all living things are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.

Organelles

Specialized subunits within a cell that have specific functions, such as the nucleus and mitochondria.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle consisting of a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell that produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Plasma membrane

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the external environment.

Nucleotide

The building block of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Amino acid

An organic compound that serves as a building block for proteins.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within the plasma membrane that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.

Biomolecule

Any molecule that is present in living organisms, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.