Module 2.1: Minerals

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/81

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

82 Terms

1
New cards

Minerals

Naturally occurring inorganic solids, with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure

2
New cards

  • Naturally occurring

  • Inorganic

  • Homogenous

  • Definite chemical composition

  • Solid-ordered internal structure

The five properties of minerals

3
New cards

Mineraloid

Naturally occurring, inorganic compound, that is amorphous and does not exhibit crystallinity

4
New cards

Mineral habit/form

  • External expression of a mineral’s internal orderly arrangement of atoms

  • The shapes and aggregates that a certain mineral is likely to form

5
New cards

Acicular

Mineral habit composed of slender, needle-like crystals

<p>Mineral habit composed of slender, needle-like crystals</p>
6
New cards

Acicular

Mineral habit composed of slender, needle-like crystals

<p>Mineral habit composed of slender, needle-like crystals</p>
7
New cards

Banded

Mineral habit appearing as alternating layers or bands of different colors and/or textures

<p>Mineral habit appearing as alternating layers or bands of different colors and/or textures</p>
8
New cards

Banded

Mineral habit appearing as alternating layers or bands of different colors and/or textures

<p>Mineral habit appearing as alternating layers or bands of different colors and/or textures</p>
9
New cards

Botryoidal

Mineral habit that is characterized by a globular or rounded shape bunched together

<p>Mineral habit that is characterized by a globular or rounded shape bunched together</p>
10
New cards

Botryoidal

Mineral habit that is characterized by a globular or rounded shape bunched together

<p>Mineral habit that is characterized by a globular or rounded shape bunched together</p>
11
New cards

Cubic

Mineral habit that displays faces meeting at 90-degree angles due to underlying crysta structure

<p>Mineral habit that displays faces meeting at 90-degree angles due to underlying crysta structure</p>
12
New cards

Cubic

Mineral habit that displays faces meeting at 90-degree angles due to underlying crysta structure

<p>Mineral habit that displays faces meeting at 90-degree angles due to underlying crysta structure</p>
13
New cards

Druzy

Mineral habit wherein a surface is coated with fine crystals

<p>Mineral habit wherein a surface is coated with fine crystals</p>
14
New cards

Druzy

Mineral habit wherein a surface is coated with fine crystals

<p>Mineral habit wherein a surface is coated with fine crystals</p>
15
New cards

Fibrous

Mineral habit which grows in long, thin, hair-like crystals

<p>Mineral habit which grows in long, thin, hair-like crystals</p>
16
New cards

Fibrous

Mineral habit which grows in long, thin, hair-like crystals

<p>Mineral habit which grows in long, thin, hair-like crystals</p>
17
New cards

Geode

Mineral habit with a hollow, vaguely spherical rock with a lining of mineral matter

<p>Mineral habit with a hollow, vaguely spherical rock with a lining of mineral matter</p>
18
New cards

Geode

Mineral habit with a hollow, vaguely spherical rock with a lining of mineral matter

<p>Mineral habit with a hollow, vaguely spherical rock with a lining of mineral matter</p>
19
New cards

Prismatic

Mineral habit characterized by elongated, prism-like crystals with parallel faces

<p>Mineral habit characterized by elongated, prism-like crystals with parallel faces</p>
20
New cards

Prismatic

Mineral habit characterized by elongated, prism-like crystals with parallel faces

<p>Mineral habit characterized by elongated, prism-like crystals with parallel faces</p>
21
New cards

Tabular

Mineral habit describes crystals that are flat and plate-like

<p>Mineral habit describes crystals that are flat and plate-like</p>
22
New cards

Tabular

Mineral habit describes crystals that are flat and plate-like

<p>Mineral habit describes crystals that are flat and plate-like</p>
23
New cards

Luster

It is the ability of minerals to reflect light

24
New cards

Metallic

Luster that refers to a reflective, opaque appearance similar to polished metal

<p>Luster that refers to a reflective, opaque appearance similar to polished metal</p>
25
New cards

Metallic

Luster that refers to a reflective, opaque appearance similar to polished metal

<p>Luster that refers to a reflective, opaque appearance similar to polished metal</p>
26
New cards

Glassy/vitreous

Luster that appears as a bright, smooth, reflection of transparent or transluscent material that appears as glass

<p>Luster that appears as a bright, smooth, reflection of transparent or transluscent material that appears as glass</p>
27
New cards

Glassy/vitreous

Luster that appears as a bright, smooth, reflection of transparent or transluscent material that appears as glass

<p>Luster that appears as a bright, smooth, reflection of transparent or transluscent material that appears as glass</p>
28
New cards

Resinous

Luster that resembles that of amber

<p>Luster that resembles that of amber</p>
29
New cards

Resinous

Luster that resembles that of amber

<p>Luster that resembles that of amber</p>
30
New cards

Greasy

Luster that appears as if mineral is coated in oil or grease

<p>Luster that appears as if mineral is coated in oil or grease</p>
31
New cards

Greasy

Luster that appears as if mineral is coated in oil or grease

<p>Luster that appears as if mineral is coated in oil or grease</p>
32
New cards

Pearly

Luster that resembles the inside of a mollusk shell

33
New cards

Pearly

Luster that resembles the inside of a mollusk shell

<p>Luster that resembles the inside of a mollusk shell</p>
34
New cards

Color

  • Characteristic caused by the absorption or lack of absorption of various wavelengths of light

  • Can also be caused by impurities which makes it not a good diagnostic property

35
New cards

Malachite

  • Mineral habit - acicular

  • Luster - glassy/vitreous

  • Color - dark green

<ul><li><p>Mineral habit - acicular</p></li><li><p>Luster - glassy/vitreous</p></li><li><p>Color - dark green</p></li></ul>
36
New cards

Olivine

  • Mineral habit - druzy

  • Luster - glassy/vitreous

  • Color - light green

<ul><li><p>Mineral habit - druzy</p></li><li><p>Luster - glassy/vitreous</p></li><li><p>Color - light green</p></li></ul>
37
New cards

Sulfur

  • Mineral habit - druzy

  • Luster - greasy

  • Color - yellow

<ul><li><p>Mineral habit - druzy</p></li><li><p>Luster - greasy</p></li><li><p>Color - yellow</p></li></ul>
38
New cards

Fluorite

  • Mineral habit - cubic

  • Luster - resinous

  • Color - purple (but can be blue)

<ul><li><p>Mineral habit - cubic</p></li><li><p>Luster - resinous</p></li><li><p>Color - purple (but can be blue)</p></li></ul>
39
New cards

Azurite

  • Mineral habit - prismatic

  • Luster - glassy/vitreous

  • Color - blue

<ul><li><p>Mineral habit - prismatic</p></li><li><p>Luster - glassy/vitreous</p></li><li><p>Color - blue</p></li></ul>
40
New cards

Quartz (left to right): milky quartz, citrine, green aventurine, smoky quartz, rose quartz, amethyst, sapphire quartz, milky quartz

Corundrum

knowt flashcard image
41
New cards

Streak

  • It is the color of a mineral in powdered form

42
New cards

Metals

  • These minerals usually have a dark streak

43
New cards

Crocoite: yellow

Chalcopyrite: black

Cinnabar: red

Molybdenite: gray

Identify the mineral and its streak

<p>Identify the mineral and its streak</p>
44
New cards

Hardness

  • It is the property described as the resistance of minerals to abrasion or scratching

45
New cards

Talc → Gypsum (fingernails) → Calcite (copper coin) → Fluorite → Apatite (knife/glass) → Feldspar (steel) → Quartz → Topaz → Corundum → Diamond

knowt flashcard image
46
New cards

Cleavage

The tendency of a mineral to break in particular directions due to zones of weakness in the crystal structure

47
New cards

Basal/platy: muscovite

Cleavage where the mineral breaks along one direction of a set of parallel planes, resulting in thin, flat sheets (also identify mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the mineral breaks along one direction of a set of parallel planes, resulting in thin, flat sheets (also identify mineral)</p>
48
New cards

Prismatic: feldspar

Cleavage where the mineral breaks along two planes (also identify mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the mineral breaks along two planes (also identify mineral)</p>
49
New cards

Prismatic: hornblende

Cleavage where the mineral breaks along two planes (also identify mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the mineral breaks along two planes (also identify mineral)</p>
50
New cards

Cubic: halite

Cleavage where the mineral breaks in three directions (also identify mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the mineral breaks in three directions (also identify mineral)</p>
51
New cards

Cubic: calcite

Cleavage where the mineral breaks in three directions (also identify mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the mineral breaks in three directions (also identify mineral)</p>
52
New cards

Octahedral: fluorite

Cleavage where the minerals break in four directions (also identify the mineral)

<p>Cleavage where the minerals break in four directions (also identify the mineral)</p>
53
New cards

Fractures

Irregular breakages that occur when bond strengths in a crystal structure are equal in all directions

54
New cards

Conchoidal fracture

Fracture with smooth, curved surfaces, which are typically concave

<p>Fracture with smooth, curved surfaces, which are typically concave</p>
55
New cards

Irregular fracture

Fracture with a rough, uneven break, rather than straight lines or specific patterns

<p>Fracture with a rough, uneven break, rather than straight lines or specific patterns</p>
56
New cards

Reaction to chemicals → magnetism → fluorescence → feel → taste → double refraction → tenacity → odor

Other properties (from top to bottom, left to right)

<p>Other properties (from top to bottom, left to right)</p>
57
New cards

Silicates

  • Largest group of minerals (90% of the Earth’s crust)

  • Contain silicon and oxygen

58
New cards

Feldspar and quartz

Two most common silicate minerals

59
New cards

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

Building block of silicate minerals

60
New cards

Silicates

What mineral group?

<p>What mineral group?</p>
61
New cards

Carbonates

  • Mineral group with a polyatomic anion with the formula (CO2)-3

  • Has a trigonal planar molecular structure consisting of a carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms

62
New cards

Calcite

Formula is CaCO3 and is the most common carbonate mineral

63
New cards

Carbonates

What mineral group?

<p>What mineral group?</p>
64
New cards

Native elements

  • Mineral group that contain atoms of only one type of element

  • Only a small number of minerals are found in this category

65
New cards

Halides

Mineral group with halogens bonded with various metallic atoms

<p>Mineral group with halogens bonded with various metallic atoms</p>
66
New cards

Oxides

  • Mineral group that contain one or two metal elements combined with oxygen

  • Many important metals are found in this form

<ul><li><p>Mineral group that contain one or two metal elements combined with oxygen</p></li><li><p>Many important metals are found in this form</p></li></ul>
67
New cards

Phosphates

  • Mineral group that are similar in structure to silicate minerals

  • Phosphorus, arsenic, or vanadium bond to oxygen to form a tetrahedron

<ul><li><p>Mineral group that are similar in structure to silicate minerals</p></li><li><p>Phosphorus, arsenic, or vanadium bond to oxygen to form a tetrahedron</p></li></ul>
68
New cards

Sulfates

  • Minerals that contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms

  • They form where salt water evaporates

  • Contains many different minerals but only a few are common

<ul><li><p>Minerals that contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms</p></li><li><p>They form where salt water evaporates</p></li><li><p>Contains many different minerals but only a few are common</p></li></ul>
69
New cards

Sulfides

  • Formed when metallic elements combined with sulfur but without oxygen

<ul><li><p>Formed when metallic elements combined with sulfur but without oxygen</p></li></ul>
70
New cards

Pyrite

  • Mineral made of iron sulfide which is also known as fool’s gold

71
New cards

Plagioclase feldspars

Most abundant mineral in the crust

72
New cards

Quartz, mica, feldspar, olivine

Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)

<p>Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)</p>
73
New cards

Pyroxene, olivine, calcite, clay

Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)

<p>Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)</p>
74
New cards

Carbonates, hematite

Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)

<p>Identify minerals (left to right, top to bottom)</p>
75
New cards

Ore

Useful metallic (and non-metallic) minerals that can be extracted and which contain useful substances

76
New cards

Bauxite, chromite, bornite chalcopyrite, native gold, hematite, sphalerite

Identify the ore

<p>Identify the ore</p>
77
New cards

Gemstones

Any of various minerals highly prized for beauty, durability, and rarity

78
New cards

Luzonite

Mineral named after its occurrence in Mankayan, Luzon Island

<p>Mineral named after its occurrence in Mankayan, Luzon Island</p>
79
New cards

Prehnite

Named after Dutch colonel, Hendrik von Prehn for discovering the stone in Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

<p>Named after Dutch colonel, Hendrik von Prehn for discovering the stone in Cape of Good Hope, South Africa</p>
80
New cards

Pigeonite

Named after the type locality, Pigeon Point, Minnesota, USA

<p>Named after the type locality, Pigeon Point, Minnesota, USA</p>
81
New cards

Cummingtonite

Named after the town of Cummington, Massachusetts

<p>Named after the town of Cummington, Massachusetts</p>
82
New cards

Jadarite

Similar composition to Kryptonite, named after the Jadar Basin, Serbia

<p>Similar composition to Kryptonite, named after the Jadar Basin, Serbia</p>