Chapter Test Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and protein Synthesis

Transcription

________ is the process of copying the code from a gene on DNA onto an mRNA strand.

RNA polymerase

________ makes the mRNA by putting the complementary nucleotides in the bast right order at the pace of 40- 80 nucleotides per second.

translation

When ________ ends the peptide chain folds into a specific shape and is now a protein.

DNA code

The ________ is transferred to the ribosome from the nucleus by an mRNA molecule.

genetic code

The ________ is the order of the bases on all the strands of DNA of a Cell.

Insertions

________ and Deletions are frameshift mutations causing all the codons (and often the amino acids) to change after the mutation.

nucleotides

The ________ in the same strand are held together by phosphate molecules.

2000

There are anywhere between ________ to million nucleotides in a single gene A monomer is the building block of a macromolecule.

Elongation

There are three stages to transcription: Initiation, ________, and Termination.

Thymine

There are four different types of nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, ________, and Cytosine.

DNA

________ has deoxyribose as its sugar, RNA has ribose as its sugar.

amino acids

The ribosome puts ________ in the right order at the speed of 20 ________ per second.

Mutations

________ are a change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

mRNA

The ________ is broken down into RNA nucleotides after translation, to be used again and again.

gene

A(n) ________ is a piece of DNA that codes for one protein.

Antiparallel

________ means one strand of DNA runs one direction, while the other strand of DNA runs the other direction.

form

The information used to build proteins is in the ________ of a code.

monomer

The ________ that makes a nucleic acid is a nucleotide.

tRNA molecule

The nucleotides on a(n) ________ form a shape that holds an amino acid on one side and reveals three nucleotides on the other.

Ribosomes

________ make proteins by using the DNA code.

Central Dogma of Biology

The ________ is DNA makes RNA and RNA makes Proteins.

order of nucleotides

The ________ is the code that determines the protein that is made.

strands of DNA

There are two ________ in the molecule.

Substitution mutations

________ are when one nucleotide replaces another nucleotide.

single strand of DNA

A(n) ________ is called a Chromosome.

RNA polymerase

________ is the enzyme that makes the mRNA strand.

Transcription

________ is happening in hundreds of different places on the DNA strands at the same time in every cell.

DNA

________ is to store the information needed to build proteins.

MRNA

________ is one of three types of RNA, the others are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

gene

A(n) ________ is a segment of DNA that codes for one protein.

nucleotides

The ________ on an mRNA molecule are divided into groups of three ________ called codons.

Mutations

________ happen in a single cell if that cell is a cell in our body (somatic cell) it will only affect that cell.

amino acids

A protein is made out of ________.

order of nucleotides

The ________ is called the DNA code.

DNA

There are different nucleotides for ________ and for RNA.

DNA

________ has Thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases, RNA has Uracil instead.

DNA

________ holds the information for making proteins.

DNA

________ has two strands twisted together into a helix shape, RNA has a single strand that takes many shapes.

DNA

________ is made out of nucleotides.

A nucleotide has three parts

a phosphate, a sugar (in DNA that is deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base

A DNA nucleotide has three parts

a Phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

There are four different types of nitrogenous bases

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine

There are three stages to transcription

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

There are three types of mutations

Substitutions, Insertions, and Deletions