Chapter 15

Carbohydrates

These are sugars, starches, and fibers. They used for energy and structure.

Lipids

These are fats and oils. They are important for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.

Proteins

Large molecules composed of amino acids. They are essential for muscle development, as well as the support, growth, and repair of cells.

Nucleic acids

These are DNA and RNA. They hold the instructions for cells to grow, develop, and reproduce. They comprise carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Photosynthesis

Water + Carbon Dioxide + Light energy = Glucose and oxygen

Endothermic

Occurs in the chloroplast using chlorophyll

Cellular Respiration

Glucose + oxygen = Water, Carbon Dioxide, chemical energy

Exothermic

Occurs in the mitochondria

Properties of Acids

Sour taste

Blue litmus paper turns red

pH less than 7

H⁺ions

Properties of Bases

Bitter taste

Slippery feel

Red litmus paper turns blue

Bases have a pH greater than 7

OH^- ions

Neutralization

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Ending Solution has a pH of (about) 7

Stomach

Acidic (pH 2)

Small Intestine

Neutralization: As food moves from the stomach to the ________ the acidic partially digested food must be neutralized. (pH 8)

Mouth

Neutral environment, pH 7