Data Representation and Compression

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary related to data representation, number systems, file compression, and computer science fundamentals.

Binary

A base-2 number system that uses only 0s and 1s to represent data.

Denary

A base-10 number system that uses digits from 0 to 9.

Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system that uses digits from 0-9 and letters A-F.

Two's Complement

A method used to represent positive and negative binary integers.

Overflow Error

An error that occurs when a binary operation produces a number larger than what can be stored in the given number of bits.

Sampling Rate

The number of sound samples taken per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Sampling Resolution

The number of bits used to represent each sample.

Color Depth

The number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel.

Lossy Compression

A data compression method that reduces file size by permanently eliminating certain information.

Lossless Compression

A data compression method that reduces file size without losing any information.

Run Length Encoding (RLE)

A lossless compression method that reduces file size by replacing sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count.

Logic Gates

Devices that perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output.

Register

A small amount of storage available directly in the CPU for temporary data holding.

Bit

The smallest unit of data in a computer, represented as either 0 or 1.

Byte

A data measurement unit typically consisting of 8 bits.

Kibibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 bytes.

Mebibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 Kibibytes.

Gibibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 Mebibytes.

Tebibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 Gibibytes.

Pebibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 Tebibytes.

Exbibyte

A unit of data equivalent to 1024 Pebibytes.

ASCII

A character encoding standard for electronic communication, representing English characters as numbers.

Unicode

A computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.