Obesity/Weight Management HS 2000

Practice flashcards covering obesity classifications, body composition measurement techniques, physiological factors, and dietary patterns based on lecture notes.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of relative weight for height, calculated as $\frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}$ or $\frac{\text{weight (lbs)} \times 703}{\text{height (in)}^2}$.

Essential Fat

Fat necessary for the maintenance of life and reproductive functions, including body temperature regulation and cushioning organs.

Storage Fat

Nonessential fat reserves stored in the body.

Underweight

A BMI classification defined as less than $18.5$.

Normal Weight

A BMI classification defined as $18.5-24.9$.

Overweight

A BMI classification defined as $25-29.9$.

Class I Obesity

A BMI classification defined as $30-34.9$.

Class II Obesity

A BMI classification defined as $35-39.9$.

Class III Obesity/Morbidly Obese

A BMI classification defined as greater than or equal to $40$.

Pounds to Kilocalories Conversion

The standard that $1\,\text{pound}$ of body weight is equal to $3500\,\text{kilocalories}$.

Waist Circumference Risk (Men)

A health risk indicator for men when the waistline is greater than $40\,\text{inches}$.

Waist Circumference Risk (Women)

A health risk indicator for women when the waistline is greater than $35\,\text{inches}$.

Android Obesity

Commonly known as "apple shape," where fat is distributed in the upper regions of the body, increasing risk for hypertension and heart disease.

Gynoid Obesity

Commonly known as "pear shape," characterized by fat storage in the hips, buttocks, and thighs.

Visceral Fat

Fat that collects in the liver and surrounds the heart; it produces more fatty acids in the blood and contributes to atherosclerosis.

Skinfolds

A body fat measurement technique involving "pinching" a fold of skin at various locations using a caliper, with an error margin of $3\%-4\%$.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A method that sends a low-level electrical current through the body to estimate lean body mass and body fat.

Hydrostatic Weighing

Also known as underwater weighing; it measures body fat within a $2\%-3\%$ margin of error by displacement of water.

Bod Pod

A fiberglass chamber that uses air displacement to measure body composition.

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

A technology using low-level X-rays to differentiate between bone, lean tissue, and fat; it is considered the current gold standard.

Ghrelin

The "hunger hormone" produced in the stomach that signals the brain to eat.

Leptin

The "full hormone" produced by adipose tissue that signals the brain when the body is satiated.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The rate of energy expenditure by the body at complete rest.

Adaptive Thermogenesis

The process by which the body adapts its metabolic rate based on caloric intake.

Set Point Theory

The theory suggesting that human bodies fight to maintain weight within a narrow, set range.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the total number of fat cells; critical periods for this occur during fetal development, infancy, and adolescence.

Hypertrophy

An increase in the actual size of individual fat cells.

DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; a balanced plan focused on fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and low-fat dairy while avoiding red meat and sodium.

MIND Diet

A dietary regimen that combines elements of the DASH and Mediterranean diets to reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Flexitarian Diet

A balanced approach that is primarily vegetarian with occasional meat substitutes, totaling around $1500\,\text{calories}$ per day.