Botany

Paleobotany

A field that studies historic plants and their history through fossil evidence.

Plant Ecology

Examines how plants interact with other organisms and environmental factors.

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon-based molecules essential for life.

Molecules

Composed of two or more atoms, determining function through shape.

Carbohydrates

Include monosaccharides and polysaccharides, essential for energy storage.

Proteins

Made of amino acids, serving various functions including structure and defense.

Lipids

Organic molecules that include fats, oils, and phospholipids, important for membranes.

Vitamins

Small carbon molecules that aid in metabolic reactions, sourced mainly from plants.

Minerals

Essential for metabolic reactions and structural requirements in biomolecules.

Plant Cell Structures

Key components include the cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles.

Cell Wall

Provides strength and structure, allowing fluid movement.

Cell Membrane

Separates the cell from the environment, composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Central Vacuole

Used for storage and maintaining plant shape and stability.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and ships molecules and proteins out of the cell.

Ribosomes

Translate RNA into proteins, essential for cell function.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP for energy.

Chloroplast

Converts sunlight into carbohydrates, providing energy for life.