Week 1 learning objectives 

1. Explain a little about yourself and your goals for the course.

2. Navigate the course Canvas site and engage fully with the online components.

3. Use the syllabus to find information and learn more about the course goals, philosophies, and policies and share your own goals for the course.

4. Prepare soil and plant seeds (to be grown into plants to use later this semester!)

5. Name and describe several jobs that incorporate the use of plants.

6. Describe several ways plants are used to solve crimes.

Careers with plants? 

• Lots 

1. Research Careers; 

   1. Learning more about the hows and whys 

   2. Explore questions about plants 

1. Paleobotany 

   1. Historic plants and history of plants 

   2. Looks at stones and draws conclusions based on that 

2. Plant Ecology 

   1. How plants interact with other organisms and factors in the environment. 

    B.  Applied Careers 

• What can we do with the research 

1. Agromy- soil science and plant science 

2. Horticulture= flowering and food production in more of a garden setting 

3. Forestry- helps to maintain the forest health 

4. Turf management- maintaining green spaces for rec places 

5. Arborist- maintaining tree health in more urban areas 

6. Florist- cut flowers and indoor plants 

    C. Up and coming Careers 

1. Botanical therapist- helping people medically recover through helping to take care of plants 

   1. It helps with mobility in the shoulder 

   2. Helps to give them a purpose while recovering 

2. Green roof architect- garden on top of buildings in the cities 

   1. It could be turf or a garden 

   2. Helps with energy conservation 

   3. Provides rec space for big cities

   4. Beauty 

   5. Helps to reduce water run-off 

   6. Helps to minimize urban warming 

3. Forensic Botanist 

   1. Uses plants to answer questions 

      1. Forensic Palynology- uses pollen 

         1. Can look at a pollen grain and ID what plant it came from 

   2. Dendrochronology

      1. It uses trees and wood 

      2. Used to estimate the value of some antiques 

      3. Value of wood

   3. Need to be trained in both evidence collection, protection chain of evidence, and court testimony 

      1. They need to have a little bit of a law background so they don’t go into the courtroom wholly blind and mess things up 

Week 2 Learning Objectives 

1. Explain why life is hard to define and list the current working criteria for life.

2. Rank and describe the components that make up our food.

3. Name the six categories of molecules essential to plants and animals, identify them as organic or inorganic, give meaningful examples of each, and explain their functions in plants and animals.

4. Compare and contrast the nutritional components in plant-based and animal-based foods.

5. Explain the role of plants in the human diet, both strengths and weaknesses.

6. Draw plant cells and organs with an attention to detail.

7. Identify visible parts and processes of the plant leaf cell.

8. Define characteristics that are used to distinguish plants from each other

Organic Chem 

Bontany is the Biology of Plants! 

1. Biology is the science of Life. 

2. Common characteristics of life 

   1. Have cells or made up of cells (cell theory) 

   2. Genetic material is present/used it to reproduce 

   3. All carbon-based 

   4. Maintain homeostasis 

      1. Maintain an internal balance despite external influences 

      2. Temperatures of body

   5. Need materials from the environment 

   6. Evolves as a species 

   7. Energy management (have a metabolism) 

   8. Respond to stimuli

   9. Able to grow 

   10. Movement (of the entire organism or within the organism)

   11. Are organized 

3. No sime defintion of Life!

4. The smallest unit of life is currently the cell!

All Biology is based on Chemistry… 

  What is in our food?

1. Atoms 

   1. Single units of an element 

   2. Oxygen, hydrogen, iron, gold, silver 

   3. Some are required for humans 

   4. Sulfur Cycle 

      1. This is how we get nutrients from plants and animals 

2. Molecules 

   1. Are two or more atoms connected by bonds 

      1. Thing lego bricks connecting 

   2. The shape helps to determine the function 

   3. If you change the shape, you will mostly be changing the function 

      1. Mutain 

   4. Organic molecules (molecules that contain Carbon) 

      1. Include protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids 

3. Many link monomers link together to form polymers (many molecules together) 

   1. Think of a complete Lego set 

   2. Polymers will be linked together in similar patterns 

4. Carbohydrates 

   1. Use monomers called Monosaccharides or simple sugars 

   2. Polymers are called polysaccharides or complex sugars 

   3. Examples 

      1. Glucose→ simple sugar used to store energy, the product of photosynthesis 

      2. Fiber(cellulose)→ polymer of glucose 

         1. A major part of plant cell wall 

         2. It helps with digestion in humans 

         3. Zero-cal food for humans helps to remove sugar, fats, and toxins from food that we eat 

      3. Glycogen→ polymer of glucose 

         1. Used in respiration found in muscles- liver in animals

         2. Long-term storage of energy in animals 

      4. Starch→ polymer of glucose 

         1. Long-term energy in plants (not found in animals)

   4. Diet→, 45 to 65% of your calories should be from carbs 

      1. It helps the nervous system do its thing 

5. Proteins 

   1. Use monomers called amino acids 

   2. Use polymers called proteins 

   3. Functions 

      1. Provide structure 

      2. Movement between cells in and out of cells or within the cell 

      3. Defence→ Immune system (antibodies) or toxins 

      4. enzymes→ help catalyze reactions( speed up) 

      5. Transporting substances→  hemoglobin and oxygen 

      6. Communication within the organism 

      7. Energy storage 

   4. Diet→ Non-essential amino acids are the ones that our bodies make from us. We do not need to worry about getting them into our diet as much 

      1. We usually get enough by just eating what we usually do 

      2. ~50 mg of protein per day 

6. Lipids(organic) 

   1. Don’t have monomers or polymers 

   2. Types: 

      1. Fats/Oils/ Waxes→ long chains of carbon

         1. Fats (satureated)= chain is straight

            1. Soild at room temp. 

            2. Not to health in our diet (animal based fats) 

         2. Oils= Unsatrueaded 

            1. Carbon chains have “kinks” 

            2. Liquid at room temp. 

            3. More health (plant based foods) 

      2. Phopolipids 

         1. 2 hydrophobic tails and 1 hydrophilic carbon-based head 

            1. Make-up of membranes 

      3. Steroids 

         1. carbon - rings 

         2. Used to transmit signals around the organism 

   3. Diet: We generally get penalty and should avoid saturated and trans fats in out diet 

7. Vitamins (small carbon molecules) 

   1. No monomers or polymers 

   2. Types: 

      1. Fat-soluable vitamins → hydrophobic 

         1. Stored-in fat til the body needs it 

         2. Don’t need to get these daily sinct the body stores them

      2. Water-souble viatimes- hydrophilic 

         1. Dissolves in water

         2. Needs to be recplaced daily 

   3. Function:  aids in metabolic reactions 

      1. Main vitamins come from plants 

What elements do we need to be healthy?

• Minerals 

  • Function→ needed to help in metabolic reactions 

    • Structural requirements for biomolecues 

  • Categoreies: 

    • Basic→ ones we can’t avoid getting (C,H, O, N)

    • Quantity→ we need them in higher doses (Iron) 

    • Trace→ needed in much smaller amounts 

  • Diet: make sure we are getting enough quantity and not to much trace vitamins 

The Plant Cell → 13 Key Structers (lab 1) 

1. Cell Wall 

   1. Rigid structure made of cellulose 

   2. It helps to provide strength and structure for cell and plants

   3. Allows fluid to move freely through it 

2. Cell Membrane 

   1. Separates the cell from the outside environment 

   2. Phospholipid bilayer

3. Cytoplasm 

   1. Everything within the cell membrane 

      1. All organelles, proteins and other structures

4. Central Vacuole 

   1. Used for storage 

   2. Plays a role in plant shape and stability 

   3. Helps to give plants turgor pressure 

5. Golgi Apparatus 

   1. Packing and shipping center of the cell

   2. Modifies molecules and proteins and ships them out of the cell 

6. Ribosomes

   1. Made up of protiens and RNA 

   2. Responsible for translating RNA into proteins 

7. Rough Endplasimio Recticule (rough ER)

   1. Aids in the production and storage of proteins 

   2. Ribosomes give the rough texture 

   3. Proteins made in the rough ER are sent to the Golgi 

8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER)

   1. No ribosomes are present. Involved in production of lipids 

9. Nucleus 

   1. Center of cell in function 

   2. Where DNA is stored and protected 

      1. Transcribed to RNA, then translated into protein

10. Mitochondria 

    1. POWER HOUSE OF CELL

    2. Where cells and the organism get energy 

    3. The main producer of ATP(energy) 

11. Cytoskeleton 

    1. Vast infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments 

    2. Gives cells shape and structural support 

12. Chloroplast 

    1. Convert energy from sunlight and use it to form carbs

    2. Source of usable energy for nearly all of life 

13. Centrosomes

    1. Located near the nucleus 

    2. Responsible for the production of microtubules

    3. Play a critical role in mitosis

Week 3 learning objectives 

1. Identify and explain the three zones of the cell.

2. Describe and apply your understanding of the structure and function of the following parts of the cell: plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuole, and chloroplasts.

3. Relate what you've learned about organic molecules and the characteristics of life to the parts of the cell.

4. List key functions of the vegetative organs of the plant (roots, stems, and leaves).

5. Identify the external parts of the roots, stems, and leaves and describe what they do.

6. Categorize a plant as a monocot or dicot using its external structures.