AP Psychology Exam Practice Flashcards

Practice vocabulary flashcards based on the AP Psychology exam cram sheet covering key figures, perspectives, therapies, and social psychology concepts.

Wundt

Known as the "Father of Psychology"; associated with Introspection.

Wertheimer

Associated with Gestalt Psychology.

Titchner

Associated with Structuralism.

James

Associated with Functionalism.

Watson

Associated with Behaviorism and the "Little Albert Study".

Broca

Associated with the left frontal lobe and expressive language.

Wernicke

Associated with the left frontal lobe and receptive language.

Thorndike

Associated with Instrumental learning using cats and the law of effect.

Skinner

A Behaviorist associated with Operant conditioning using rats and pigeons.

Tolman

Associated with latent learning and cognitive maps.

Bandura

Associated with Observational learning, Bobo Dolls, and Social-Cognitive Theory.

Ebbinghaus

Associated with forgetting and the Decay Model.

Chomsky

A Native Theorist who proposed the inherent existence of sets of cognitive structures.

Whorf

Associated with the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.

Jung

Associated with the collective unconscious, archetypes, and the Psychoanalytic perspective.

Horney

Associated with basic childhood anxiety within the Psychoanalytic perspective.

Adler

Associated with the Inferiority Complex and the Psychoanalytic perspective.

Piaget

A Cognitive theorist who proposed the Stages of Cognitive Development.

Rogers

Associated with client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, and transactional Analysis.

Ellis

A Cognitive Theorist associated with Rational Emotive Therapy.

Maslow

A Humanistic theorist who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs.

Harlow

Associated with Monkey Studies and attachment.

Lorenz

Associated with the "Survival of the Fittest Theory" and imprinting.

Beck

Associated with Cognitive therapy used for treating depression.

Murray

Associated with the "Need to achieve" and the TAT.

Allport

Associated with the Trait Approach, including cardinal, central, and secondary traits.

Cattell

Associated with Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence.

Gilligan

Examined moral differences between boys and girls based on social rules and an ethic of caring and responsibility via the turtle and Hare scenario.

Gestalt Perspective

Emphasizes the organization process in behavior and focuses on the problem of perception.

Humanistic Perspective (Personality)

The belief that people are inherently good, society ruins them, and people strive for self-actualization.

Symptom substitution

A concept within Psychoanalysis therapy used to alleviate unconscious conflicts.

Systematic desensitization

An application of learning principles in Behavior Therapy that includes in vivo desensitization and counter-conditioning.

Implosive therapy

A behavior therapy where the patient is asked to imagine a stressful event.

Aversion therapy

A type of Behavior Therapy used to treat psychological disorders.

Psychosurgery (ablation)

A biomedical treatment involving the surgical destruction of involved brain tissue.

Independent variable ($IV$)

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter to study cause and effect.

Dependent variable ($DV$)

The variable in an experiment assumed to be affected by the $IV$ and is measured.

Double-blind technique

A method to control for bias by keeping the placement of subjects secret from both the researcher and participant.

Object permanence

A concept in Piaget's Sensorimotor stage involving schema assimilation and accommodation.

Weber's law

Relates to the just noticeable difference.

Young-Helmholtz Color Theory

Also known as trichromatic theory; suggests color is determined by the relative activity in red, blue, or green sensitive cones.

Opponent-Process Color Theory

Suggests color information is organized into $3$ antagonistic pairs.

Activation-Synthesis hypothesis

Proposes that dreams are products of spontaneous neural activity.

Premack principle

States that any high-probability behavior can be used as a reward for any lower-probability behavior.

Yerkes-Dodson law

States that arousal increases performance up to a point, after which further increases impair performance; an inverted $U$ function.

Cannon-Bard's Thalamic theory

Proposes emotional expression is caused by simultaneous changing bodily events, thoughts, and feelings.

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

An emergency reaction to stressful situations consisting of Alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.

Hawthorne Effect

Phenomenon where people change their behavior when they think they're being observed.

Asche Conformity Study

A study involving lines of different lengths where $75\%$ of participants conformed at least once.

Groupthink

Occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize agreement at the expense of critical thinking.