Key Concepts in Human Respiratory System

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the human respiratory system and gas exchange.

Nasal Cavity

The space behind the nose, which filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air.

Larynx

The voice box located in the throat that helps in sound production and protects the windpipe against food aspiration.

Trachea

The windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass to and from the lungs.

Diaphragm

A dome-shaped muscle at the base of the chest cavity that plays a crucial role in breathing.

Bronchus

Any of the larger passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs, which branch into smaller bronchi and bronchioles.

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the air passages.

Alveolus

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs; they allow oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave.

Inhalation

The process of taking air into the lungs, during which the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands.

Exhalation

The process of expelling air from the lungs, occurring when the diaphragm relaxes and the rib cage moves down.

Haemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it to the body's tissues.

Cigarette Tar

A toxic substance in cigarette smoke that can damage respiratory passages and contribute to lung diseases.

Carbon Monoxide

An odourless gas that can bind with haemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, reducing oxygen transport in the blood.

Oxygen Diffusion

The process by which oxygen moves from an area of higher concentration in the alveoli to a lower concentration in the blood.

Cellular Respiration

A metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Alveolar Adaptation

The specialized structure of alveoli, including their large surface area and thin walls, to enhance gas exchange efficiency.

Respiratory Diseases

Health conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema caused by various factors affecting the respiratory system.

Gaseous Exchange in Plants

The process by which plants exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the atmosphere through structures like stomata.

Stomata

Small openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow for gas exchange in plants.