ARCH2701- (LECTURE 8) The Roman World Roman Architecture

The___ showed their power and dominance through large-scale works that dominated the landscape.

Romans

Where the Greeks had largely focused

on ___ temple architecture, ancient

Roman architecture boasted

monumental and grandiose public

buildings using the ___, the ___, and

the ___.

simple, arch, vault, dome

___ publishes the Ten Books on Architecture in 25BCE

Vitruvius

"Firmness, ___, and Delight"

Commodity

The ___ is a mixed order, combining the

volutes of the Ionic order capital with the acanthus

leaves of the Corinthian order.

composite order

A ___ Cylindrical space topped by a

coffered, concrete dome, with a central

opening (oculus) to the sky.

Rotunda

____ dome is concrete with a central oculus.

Pantheon's

While Greek temples tended to

be more grounded and

approachable from all sides,

Roman temples were elevated

on a podium to increase sense

of power of Rome, approached

on the front axis only. This

allowed side/back columns to

become engaged with the

main temple wall, as the

Romans favored thick walls for

structure instead of columns.

Maison Carree

16 BCE, Nimes, France

The façade of the Colosseum has main classic orders as

engaged columns, ascending from ___

to ___

Doric, Composite

A ___ is the retractable awning system used to cover spectators from the elements.

Velarium

Similar to the agora in Greek cities, a ___ was the center of day-to-day life in a

Roman city: Marketplace; the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue

for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of

commercial affairs. Temples to various gods existed among civic structures of equal

stature.

Forum

In Ancient Roman architecture, a ___ is a

large public building with multiple functions,

typically built alongside the town's forum.

basilica

The basilica building type becomes the model later for early ___ ___.

Christian churches

Introduction of the ___ intended to

emphasize column and raise column to

podium height.

pedestal

The ___ had a highly ornate marble facade with alternating curved and pointed pediments.

Library of Celsus

___ ___ are huge monuments

built to honor important men or events.

Commemorative arches

The Romans erected commemorative arches,

called ___ ___ , to emperors and

generals, celebrating military victories.

triumphal arches

The preserved site of ___ features excavated

ruins of streets and houses.

Pompeii

The Pantheon entrance has ___ columns.

granite

In the Pantheon a rectangular ___ links the porch to the ___

vestibule, rotunda

a ___ is the central opening to the sky in a dome.

oculus