Introduction to Human Body Orientation & Organization

These flashcards cover foundational concepts in human anatomy and physiology as discussed in the lecture notes. They include definitions and explanations key to understanding body orientation, organization, and homeostasis.

What are the three major anatomical planes of the body?

Sagittal, Coronal, and Transverse planes.

What does the principle of complementarity state in anatomy?

The structure of an organism is closely related to its function.

Define anatomy.

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

Define physiology.

The study of the function of body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities.

What are the four major classes of biomolecules?

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

What are the levels of biological organization?

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

What does homeostasis refer to?

The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment.

What are the three components of homeostatic control?

Receptor, control center, and effector.

What is the function of the muscular system?

Allows movement of body parts and substances.

What is the anatomical position?

Standing upright, feet together, eyes facing forward, arms by the side, palms facing forward.

What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

Negative feedback returns a system to its set point, while positive feedback amplifies the original stimulus.

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells, including catabolism and anabolism.

What are the necessary life functions?

Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

What does ICF stand for in the context of fluid compartments?

Intracellular fluid.

Explain the significance of maintaining homeostatic set points.

Homeostatic set points are thresholds required for physiological processes to maintain balance.