Kidney stones

Nephrolithiasis

Presence of kidney stones; incidence has increased in recent years.

Hypercalciuria

Condition where calcium in urine is greater than normal (>300 mg/day for men, >250 mg/day for women) leading to stone formation.

Uric Acid Stones

Stones formed when urine is supersaturated with undissociated uric acid due to low urine pH.

Citrate

A urinary stone inhibitor that helps prevent the formation of calcium oxalate or phosphate stones.

Oxalate

A compound that can bind with calcium in urine and contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

Struvite Stones

Stones formed in alkaline urine in the presence of bacteria that produce urease, often requiring surgical intervention.

MNT (Medical Nutrition Therapy)

A therapeutic approach focusing on diet to manage and prevent kidney stones.

Calcium Stones

The most common type of kidney stones, primarily consisting of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.

Obesity

A condition associated with increased risk of kidney stone formation, particularly in women.

Probiotics

Live microorganisms that may help in reducing urinary oxalate levels.

Animal Protein

Intake of animal protein is linked to higher risk of kidney stones, suggesting the need for dietary moderation.

Fluid Intake

Maintaining adequate fluid intake is essential for preventing kidney stone formation by ensuring high urine volume.

Metabolic Workup

A comprehensive assessment to identify underlying causes of kidney stone formation.

Crystallization

The process where solid crystals form from a solution, significant in the formation of kidney stones.

Dietary Measures

Nutritional strategies employed to reduce the risk or recurrence of kidney stones.

DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, recommended for its low sodium intake which may reduce kidney stone risk.