ICF, ICIDH, ICD

ICF

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Purpose of ICF

A framework for organizing and documenting information on functioning and disability.

ICF conceptualization of functioning

Functioning is conceptualized as a dynamic interaction between a person's health condition, environmental factors, and personal factors.

ICF standard language

The ICF provides a standard language and conceptual basis for defining and measuring disability.

ICF disability models

The ICF integrates the medical model and the social model of disability.

Bio-psycho-social synthesis

The integration of the medical and social models of disability in the ICF.

ICD

International Classification of Diseases.

ICD focus

The ICD provides an etiological framework and focuses on diagnoses.

Relationship between ICF and ICD

The ICF and ICD are two complementary WHO reference classifications.

Functioning

The positive aspects of the interaction between an individual with a health condition and contextual factors.

Functioning components

Body functions, body structures, activities, and participation.

Disability

The negative aspects of the interaction between an individual with a health condition and contextual factors.

Disability components

Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

Functioning vs disability

Functioning represents positive aspects, while disability represents negative aspects of the interaction between the individual and contextual factors.

Health condition in ICF

A disorder or disease that interacts dynamically with functioning and disability.

Body structures

Body parts that were affected after sustaining the health condition or injury.

Body functions

Physiological functions that were affected by the health condition.

Impairment

Problems associated with body functions and body structures.

Activities

Tasks or actions performed by an individual.

Activity limitations

Limitations in performing an activity as an individual is affected by a health condition or injury.

Participation

Involvement in life situations and activities in the community.

Participation restrictions

Limitations in performing activities in the community.

Environmental factors

Contextual factors in the environment that can influence an individual's functioning and response to a health condition.

Personal factors

Factors associated with the individual that can influence the person's response to a health condition and resulting limitations.

Contextual factors

Environmental factors and personal factors that influence functioning and disability.

ICF interaction model

The ICF model shows health condition interacting with body functions and structures, activities, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors.

Body functions and structures relationship to impairment

Problems in body functions and structures are represented as impairments.

Activities relationship to activity limitations

Problems in performing activities are represented as activity limitations.

Participation relationship to participation restrictions

Problems involving participation are represented as participation restrictions.

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps

ICIDH, the classification introduced in 1980 that presents a linear relationship from pathology to impairment to disability to handicap.

ICIDH year

1980.

ICIDH model

Pathology → Impairment → Disability → Handicap.

ICIDH relationship

The ICIDH shows a linear relationship of a particular disease or trauma leading to impairment, disability, and handicap.

ICF vs ICIDH

ICIDH uses a linear pathology-to-handicap model, whereas ICF uses an interactive model involving health condition, functioning, disability, and contextual factors.

ICF etiology-neutral

Disability in the ICF is not differentiated according to etiology.

Meaning of etiology-neutral

The ICF does not determine functioning or disability solely according to the cause or medical diagnosis.

Diagnosis and participation

Participation in everyday life cannot be inferred from medical diagnosis alone.

Same etiology different functional recovery

People with the same etiology can have different levels of functional recovery.

Same functional status different etiology

People with the same functional status can have different etiologies.

Why diagnosis alone is insufficient

The same diagnosis can result in different functional outcomes, and similar functional status can result from different etiologies.

CVD bleed example

The lecture illustrates that two people with the same diagnosis of CVD bleed can have very different functional abilities.

ICF application: clinical practice

The ICF can be applied in clinical practice.

ICF application: support services and income support

The ICF can be applied to support services and income support.

ICF application: population statistics

The ICF can be applied in population statistics.

ICF application: education

The ICF can be applied in education.

ICF application: policy and programs

The ICF can be applied to policy and programs.

ICF application: advocacy and empowerment

The ICF can be applied to advocacy and empowerment.

Positive aspect of ICF

Functioning represents the positive aspects of interaction with contextual factors.

Negative aspect of ICF

Disability represents the negative aspects of interaction with contextual factors.

Structure vs function

Body structure refers to the affected body part, while body function refers to the physiological function that is affected.

Impairment vs activity limitation

Impairment concerns body functions or structures, while activity limitation concerns difficulty performing an activity.

Activity limitation vs participation restriction

Activity limitation concerns performing a task or action, while participation restriction concerns involvement in community or life situations.

Medical model in ICF

One of the major models of disability integrated into the ICF.

Social model in ICF

One of the major models of disability integrated into the ICF.

Bio-psycho-social model

The ICF's integration of medical and social perspectives into a unified framework.

Core ICF question

Instead of asking only what disease a person has, the ICF examines how the health condition affects functioning and participation.

ICD key question

What disease or diagnosis does the person have?

ICF key question

How is the person functioning and participating given the health condition and contextual factors?

ICF major components

Health condition, body functions and structures, activities, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors.

Environmental and personal factors effect

They can influence an individual's response to a health condition and its resulting limitations either positively or negatively.