Civil war and reconstruction

Indirect slave resistance

slowdowns, destroying property, maintaining dignity in the face of dehumanization (religion is key), learning to read, etc.

Southern president

Jefferson Davis

Southern General

Robert E. Lee

Northern general

Ulysses S. Grant

Final battle

Appomattox courthouse. South surrendered

Direct slave resistance

Nat Turners rebellion - preacher led slaves to kill their white oppressors

Underground railroad - organized by people like Harriet Tubman and William Still

Fugitive slave law

People in the North are forced by law to catch runaway

John C. Calhoun

argued slavery is a “positive good”

Lincoln won the election of 1860

South Carolina seceded

First fight in the Civil war

Fort Sumter

Lincoln’s first actions

sent supplies, not reinforcements, but the South saw this as an act of aggression, Union Garrison surrendered to confederates

Great snake

Union strategy that cornered the confederacy

Ball run - 1861

Union forced to retreat because they were shocked out of their confidence ; morale boost for the South

Antietam - 1862

Robert E. Lee made an aggressive push into the boarder states to try to defeat the Union on it’s own turf ; bloodiest single day. Confederate states retreat. McClellan is replaced by Grant.

Vicksburg - 1863

Union gains control of the Mississippi river

Atlanta - 1864

Sherman defeated confederate troops, burned the city and marched to Savannah. Destroyed railroads, burned homes & crops, and looted along the way. Helped Lincoln secure the re-election.

Emancipation Proclamation

Jan 1, 1863. Slaves in only the South are free. Black men are accepted into the Union army (200,000). Strengthened the Union politically, militarily, and morally.

Gettysburg address

Nov 19, 1863. Lincoln honored fallen soldiers (51,000 casualties) and redefined the war as liberty and democracy. Union victory led to Confederates not invading the North.

Union effects

Tariffs benefited manufacturing. More opportunities for women. Morrill act, Pacific railroad act, Homestead act, taxes raises, and national bank passed.

Morrill act

Land grants for collages in the North

Pacific railroad act

aid of construction and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean.

Confederate effects

Dramatic inflation, Union blockade, Shermans march to the sea (Atlanta), civilians effected, Women wore homespun clothes cut off of northern manufacturing, weak transportation collapsed,

End of the war

Union out-supplied the confederacy. Lee surrenders to Grant at appomattox courthouse, Lincoln assassinated 5 days later by John Wilkes Booth which hurts the South.

Union advantages

Larger population, higher manufacturing power, better technology, loyalty of boarder states, anaconda plan, Shermans hard hand of war.

Reconstruction - Lincoln

10% plan. 10% of seceded voters are needed to join the Union and acknowledge the emancipation (freedom) of slaves

Reconstruction - Johnson

Some confederates couldn’t vote (disenfranchised) and were in debt, 13th amendment

Reconstruction - Radical Republicans

Felt the South needed to be punished, Wade-Davis bill passed (50% of state’s voters demand stronger safeguards for emancipated slaves

Freedman’s Bureau

to support former slaves; education was a big success

Reconstruction act - 1867

Divided the South into 5 military zones and laid guidelines for readmission, 14th amendment and granted voting rights for all former male slaves

13th amendment - 1865

slavery is unconstitutional

14th amendment - 1868

protects black’s rights of citizenship

15th amendment - 1870

Black man suffrage

African Americans during the war

served in segregated regiments like the Massachusetts 54th where they faced discrimination but were able to prove their bravery and earn citizenship

African Americans during reconstruction

Union league

network of political clubs that educated members, campaigned for republicans, and built black churches, schools, etc.

Senators in Mississippi

Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi river to Kansas (25000+)

Andrew Johnson

No desire for racial equality, vetoed civil rights and freedmen’s bureau, congress passed tenure of office act, impeached but acquitted

Tenure of office act

restricts power of the president to remove certain office-holders without senate approval

Ulysses S. Grant

Took on the KKK to defend blacks, supported black rights through the 15th amendment and civil rights acts, unsuccessfully delf with the panic of 1873/long(economic) depression

Compromise of 1877

The two presidential candidates were at a stalemate (tie) and the only way to break the stalemate was with a deal : North got their president Rutherford B. Hayes, south got the military to leave, decreasing protection for former slaves

Radical republicans

rise of KKK, Sharecropping (debt slavery), black codes (limits on blacks, resembles slave codes), women don’t get to vote

Scalawags

Southerners accused of betraying the south by supporting free slaves and selling the south out

Carpetbaggers

Northerners accused of gaining profit from the South