From British North American Colonies to Independence (1763 – 1776)

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the transition from British North American colonies to independence, events leading up to the American Revolution, and significant ideological shifts in colonial thought.

What were the two main political factions in the British Parliament during the period leading to American Independence?

The Tories, who were loyal to the King, and the Whigs, who were sympathetic to the colonies.

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763 intended to do?

Prevent colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to manage Indian relations.

What was the Stamp Act and why did it provoke colonial opposition?

A direct tax requiring stamped paper on many documents and products; colonists viewed it as unconstitutional taxation without representation.

What was John Dickinson's stance in his 'Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania'?

He argued that taxes imposed on the colonies by Parliament for raising revenue, rather than regulating trade, were unconstitutional.

What incident is known as the Boston Massacre and its significance?

A clash between colonists and British soldiers resulting in deaths; it was used as propaganda to galvanize colonial opposition to British rule.

What event led the Sons of Liberty to protest against British tea imports?

The Boston Tea Party, where colonists threw tea into the harbor to oppose the monopoly granted to the British East India Company.

What were the Intolerable Acts, and how did they affect colonial unity?

A series of punitive measures against Massachusetts that inadvertently aroused sympathy and solidarity among the other colonies.

What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress?

To address mutual grievances with the British government, leading to a declaration of rights and a call for a boycott of British goods.

What was the outcome of the battles of Lexington and Concord?

Colonial forces successfully repelled British troops, signifying the start of armed conflict.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A document asserting colonial loyalty to Britain while requesting intervention on their behalf; it was ignored by King George III.

What was the message of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'?

It challenged the monarchy and argued for American independence, swaying public opinion towards revolution.

What were the main ideas presented in the Declaration of Independence?

It outlined natural rights and justified rebellion against a government that fails to protect those rights.

Who were the Loyalists, and what were their typical characteristics during the revolution?

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain, often educated and wealthy, fearing violent change and favoring stability.