Civil War Peters

Peters 5.28.26

Border States

Supported slavery, but remained loyal to the United States (Union).

Confederate States

Southern states that rebelled and seceded from the Union after Lincoln's election. South Carolina was the first state to leave.

General Meade

Given command of the Army of the Potomac 2 days prior to the Battle of Gettysburg.

Col. Chamberlain & 20th Maine on Little Round Top

Left flank of the Union line in Gettysburg. This is the place where Col. Chamberlain and the 20th Maine held their position and used bayonets when they ran out of ammo.

James Longstreet

General Lee's right-hand man. He was frustrated with Lee's decision to move the war to the North and dead-set against Lee's decision to attack the Union's center on day 3 at Gettysburg.

George Pickett/Pickett's Charge

Commanding officer of a Virginia division that was the last to arrive in Gettysburg. He will take command of 15,000 men leading them in an attack against the Union's center on day 3 at Gettysburg. This attack became known as Pickett's Charge.

General Lee

Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who was defeated at Gettysburg and retreats back to Virginia.

Jefferson Davis

Confederate President

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history.

The Great Skadaddle

Confederates called the Union's mad-dash retreat, from the First Battle of Bull Run, the Great Skedaddle. There was complete chaos as U.S. troops fled the area to safety in Washington, D.C.

Richmond, Virginia

Confederate Capital

Washington, D.C.

United States Capital

Siege of Vicksburg

Confederate town along the Mississippi River. It was the key to gaining control of the river and surrounding valley. General Grant and the U.S. army lay siege forcing Pemberton and the Confederates to surrender July 4, 1863.

Fort Sumter

Federal outpost located in South Carolina. Bullets were exchanged between the southern rebels and the U.S. military.

Disunionists

Name given to Republicans who supported Lincoln's election in 1860 which ended with the South's secession.

Abraham Lincoln

Republican candidate election in the 1860 election.

Red Badge of Courage

Most volunteers were excited to show their friends and family a scar of their courage on the battle field against the rebels.

Union Strategies and Strengths

Money to fund war Take enemy capital - Richmond Destroy enemy's economy - naval blockade, total war, free slaves Factories/Industry to support supplies Large Population to pull men from

Confederate Strategies and Strengths

Used cotton diplomacy to gain support Had skills soldiers Take enemy capital - Washington, D.C. Passion to fight Defend the land and exhaust the Union

Cotton Diplomacy

South used their cotton trade relationships with foreign countries to gain support (financial and mercenaries) during the war.

Why would the Union want to control the Mississippi River valley?

Cut off the Confederates from supplies, reinforcements, and communication.

Emancipation Proclamation

The proclamation issued by Lincoln as a war move. It freed slaves of rebel states.

Photographs

Photos brought the war to the homefront showing what life was like during battle.

Anaconda Tactic

Napoleonic warfare tactic that targeted coastal areas, the Mississippi River, and destroying the Confederate capital.

What was the South fighting for during the Civil War?

The South wanted to defend their way of life, their political beliefs, and their economy. They felt that the Republican party was taking personal rights away by pushing for the emancipation of slavery.

Appomattox Courthouse

Place where General Lee surrenders his army to General Grant on April 9, 1865.

Total War

General William T. Sherman was a modern war general that waged war against civilians, destroyed cities, and everything in his path.

Sherman's Neckties

Railroad rails that were taken up, heated, and bent around the trunks of trees.

Refugees

People who abandon their home in search of safety during time of war or conflict.

Civil War Surgerons

Did not need a medical degree. Many were apprentices learning the skills needed to treat patients.

Clara Barton (1821-1912)

Civil War nurse who pushed doctors to use sanitary measures when treating patients.

General Ulysses S. Grant

Union commander who sought to take Vicksburg, MS during a 6 month campaign.

General William T. Sherman

Used total warfare tactics (modern tactics) against the South's civilian population in 1864-65.

Andersonville Prison

Confederate prison that held Union prisoners of war (POW) during the Civil War. Many men died of starvation and disease.

U.S. Navy

Need to help take the major cities along the Mississippi River and other areas during the Civil War. General Grant relied on the U.S. Navy to support his siege against Vicksburg.

Battle of Shiloh

Ironic - Shiloh means "place of peace", yet it was one of the bloodiest battles during the Civil War.

What slowed down the South in 1864-65 during the Civil War?

South was destroyed - towns burned, crops and fields burned and destroyed, Emancipation Proclamation, loss of men during the war, major defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, war against the civilians.

1 killer of Civil War soldiers

Disease - 2/3 of the troops died from disease, NOT bullets.

Why was the Union victory at Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War?

This victory proved that General Lee was not invincible and the Confederates would not return to the North again.

Why was amputation the number surgery during the Civil War?

Conical bullets destroyed bone and tissue. Amputation was the fastest and easiest way to save the life of a soldier.

Why was Col. Chamberlain and the 20th Maine's victory on Little Round Top successful?

They saved the left flank, holding the hill using bayonet after they ran out of ammunition.

Why do armies take prisoners of war?

Taking prisoners weakens the enemy.