ap art history prehistoric/egyptian

anthromorphic

• resembling human form, but not in itself human

• having human characteristics

archaeology

burin

a pointed tool used for engraving or incising (scratching)

ceramic

• generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms

• once the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temp oven called a kiln

cong

henge

incised

megalith

post-and-lintel

relief sculpture

• figures projecting from a background of which they are part of

• low, high, and sunken relief

sculpture in the round

shamanism

the belief that certain people (shamans) can travel outside of their bodies in order to mediate between the worlds of living and the spirits

stele

an upright stone slab used to mark a grave or a site

stylized

terracotta

• unglazed, typically brownish-red earthenware, used chiefly as an ornamental building material and in modeling

twisted perspective

when part of the figure is shown in profile while another part of the same figure is shown frontally; also known as composite view

paleolithic

paleo: “old”

lithos: “stone”

• 30,000-8,000 B.C.E. (Near East)

neolithic

“new stone”

• 8,000-3,000 B.C.E. (Near East)

great hall of the bulls (lascaux cave paintings)

• lascaux, dordogne, France

• 15,000-13,000 B.C.E.

• pigment on stone

running horned woman

• tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria

• 6,000-4,000 BC

• rock painting

apollo 11 stones

altamira cave paintings

• santander, spain

• 12,000-11,000 B.C.E.

• pigment on stone

beaker with ibex motifs

• susa, southwestern iran

• 4,200-3,500 BC

• terracotta

camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine

• tequizquiac, central mexico

• 14,000-4,000 B.C.E.

• bone

• made from the new fossilized remains of the sacrum of an extinct camelid

anthropomorphic stele

• arabian peninsula

• fourth millennium B.C.E. sandstone

jade cong

• liangzhu, china

• 3300-3200 B.C.E.

• carved

the ambum stone

• ambum valley, enga province, papua new guinea

• 1500 B.C.E.

• greywacke

tiatilco female figurine

• central mexico, site of tlatilco

• 1200-900 B.C.E.

• ceramic with traces of pigment

terracotta fragment

• lapita, from the solomon islands

• 1000 BC

• terra cotta

apadana

bas-relief

capital

cella

(central hall)

• chamber at center of a temple set aside for divinity

cuneiform

facade

ground plan

hierarchy of scale

• the greater the height of the figures are, the greater importance they are

lamassu

negative space

register

• long, thin band, like basquiat triptych

• read from bottom left-right and up

• least important people would be at bottom

votive

ziggurat

• a monumental platform for a temple

SABHAPS

• sumerian

• akkadian

• babylonian

• hittite

• assyrian

• persian

• susanian

white temple and ziggurat

• iraq

• mud brick

female head (possibly inanna)

• iraq

• marble

warka vase

• iraq

• alabaster

statuettes of worshippers

• iraq

• gypsum, shell, black limestone

• votive offerings of men and women - images dedicated to the Gods

Standard of Ur

• Ur Iraq (Southern Mesopotamia), 2600 BCE 

• Wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone Standard: Banner to be paraded after a victory 

• All of the materials come from different countries (shows extensive trade)

  • Lapis Lazuli from Afghanistan 

  • Shells from Persian gulf 

  • Red Limestone from India 

bull-headed lyre

• royal cemetary ur

• wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuli