Biology II Test 1

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior

front

posterior

behind

medial

middle

lateral

away from midline (on one side)

bilateral

away from midline

ipsilateral

away from midline (same side)

controlateral

away from midline (opposite side)

proximal

close

distal

far

superficial

shallow

deep

deep

saggital (cut type)

left and right halves (vertical cut)

transverse (cut type)

top and bottom halves (horizontal cut)

coronal (cut type)

front and back halves

append-

limb

cardi-

heart

cran-

head

dors-

back

homeo-

same

-logy

to study

meta-

change

pariet-

wall

pelv-

bowl

peri-

around the outside

pleir-

ribs

-stasis

still

-tomy

cutting

cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessels

reproductive system

organs involved in producing offspring

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails

respiratory system

lungs; breathing

muscular system

skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, ligaments that attach bones together

skeletal system

bones

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves

endocrine system

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

urinary/excretory system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

immune (lymphatic) system

protects the body from disease

digestive system

body system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

first level of organization

atoms

second level of organization

molecules

third level of organization

macromolecules

fourth level of organization

organelles

fifth level of organization

cells

sixth level of organization

tissues

seventh level of organization

organs

eigth level of organization

systems

ninth level of organization

organism

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE (10)

-movement

-growth/development

-digestion

-reproduces (with its own species)

-regulation

-respiration

-circulate

-excrete

-absorp

-respond to stimulus

abdominal (region)

abs

antebrachial (region)

forearm

axillary (region)

armpit

buccal (region)

cheek

cellac (region)

guts

cervical (region)

neck (cervix in women)

coxal (region)

hip

cubital (region)

outside elbow

dorsal (region)

back

frontal (region)

forehead

glutteal (region)

butt

lumbar (region)

loin

mental (region)

chin

occipital (region)

back of head

acromial (region)

shoulder

antecubital (region)

inner elbow

brachial (region)

upper arm

carpal (region)

wrists

cephilic (region)

head

costal (region)

ribs

crural (region)

leg

digital (region)

fingers/toes

femoral (region)

thigh

genital (region)

reproductive area

inguinal (region)

groin

mammory (region)

chest

nasal (region)

nose

oral (region)

mouth

orbital (region)

eye

otic (region)

ear

palmar (region)

palm

patellar (region)

kneecap

pectoral (muscle) (region)

chest

pedal (region)

sole

pelvic (region)

waist

perneal (region)

gooch; taint

plantar (region)

foot

popliteal (region)

back of knee

sacral (region)

tailbone, low back

sternal (region)

sternum; breastbone

sural (region)

calf

tarsal (region)

ankle

umbilical (region)

naval

vertebral (region)

spine

cardiology

study of the heart

cytology

study of structure and function of cells

dermatology

study of the skin and its diseases

endocrinology

study of hormones

epidemiology

the study of how often diseases and health conditions occur in different groups of people and why

gastroenterology

study of the digestive system