social facilitation and inhibition

theories of social facilitation

evaluation apprehension

proximity effect

home field advantage

zajonc’s drive theory

cue utilisation

facilitation

how the audience might help performance

inhibtion

how the audience might worsen performance

evaluation apprehension

performer is being judged causing worry

evaluation apprehension facilitation

a TAS performer - taking on challenges kind of performer

someone with a high need to achieve

more extroverted personality types

evaluation apprehension inhibition

a TAF performer - someone who avoids

someone with a high need to avoid failure

more introverted people

proximity effect

the effects are stronger when the audience is closer

e.g. basketball, ice hockey - have a greater effect

home field advantage

people perform better when they are competing at their own home/training area

due to:

familiarity

people have different expectations

goal setting

get into a defensive mentality

zajonc’s drive theory

increases arousal

leads to increasing the likelihood of the dominant response

cue utilisation

selective attention

allows the performer to eliminate distractions

more likely to focus on the relevant stimuli/cues

strategies to combat social inhibition and lead to facilitation

goal setting - process goals, performance goals, → likely to reduce arousal

near transfer - practice like the game/race, practice with an audience present

over-learning key skills - recognising all essential skills, strengthen the S-R bond

selective attention - perceptual skill, links to cue utilisation, ignore irrelevant stimuli

somatic relaxation - physical, loosen muscles, PMR (continually contracting and relaxing muscles), breathing

cognitive relaxation - imagery, thought stopping, mental rehearsal, decrease the importance of the event

walk away from the audience - ignore that information, selective attention