Disaster and Emergency Preparedness (NMT 04211)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering concepts of first aid, basic life support, emergency management, musculoskeletal injuries, and disaster preparedness based on the Nursing and Midwifery training manual.

First Aid

The initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill, covering a wide range of scenarios from simple reassurance to life-threatening emergencies.

Causality

A person who is injured in an accident.

First Aider

A person who is trained to give first aid to a sick or injured person.

First Aid Kit

A small box containing supplies and equipment used in giving help to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.

Red Tag

A triage category indicating a patient needs immediate care for life-threatening injuries, often within $2-5$ minutes.

Yellow Tag

A triage category for patients who need medical care or attention within $30$ minutes.

Green Tag

A triage category for patients who do not need immediate treatment and can be kept under reassurance to alleviate anxiety.

Black Tag

A triage category for the deceased, where there are no signs of life.

AVPU

A method used to assess level of consciousness where A stands for Awake, V for response to Verbal stimuli, P for response to Painful stimuli, and U for Unresponsive.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

An emergency procedure that combines chest compressions with artificial ventilation to manually preserve intact brain function until spontaneous blood circulation and breathing are restored.

Chest Compression Guidelines (Adult)

Guidelines requiring a rate of $100-120$ compressions per minute at a depth of at least $2$ inches ($5\,cm$), allowing for complete chest recoil.

5Hs (Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest)

A classification of causes including Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypothermia, Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia, and Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis).

5Ts (Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest)

A classification of causes including Tension Pneumothorax, Tamponade (Cardiac), Toxins, Thrombosis Pulmonary, and Thrombosis Coronary.

Strain

A 'muscle pull' consisting of microscopic, incomplete muscle tears with some bleeding into tissue, caused by overuse, overstretching, or excessive stress.

Sprain

An injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint caused by a wrenching or twisting motion.

Dislocation

A condition in which the articular surfaces of the bones forming a joint are no longer in anatomic contact.

Fracture

A break in the continuity of bone that occurs when the bone is subjected to stress greater than it can absorb.

Laceration

A tear, scrape, or cut of flesh or skin of the body.

Greenstick Fracture

A fracture type primarily occurring in children where the bone kinks or bends without separating.

RICE

A first aid acronym for treating strains and sprains, standing for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.

Head Injury

Any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain, including alterations in consciousness regardless of duration.

Concussion

A direct brain injury, usually caused by blunt trauma, resulting in transient alteration in neurologic function.

Contusion

A bruised brain often caused by a blow that results in the brain hitting the inside of the skull, potentially leading to unconsciousness.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

An evaluation tool for level of consciousness based on Eye opening (E), Verbal response (V), and Motor response (M); a score of $8$ or less indicates a severe head injury.

Corneal Abrasion

An eye injury resulting from a disruption or loss of cells in the top layer of the cornea, the corneal epithelium.

Corneal Perforation

An anomaly where the cornea has been penetrated, resulting in damage to the corneal surface.

Foreign Bodies

Objects placed in ears, nose, mouth, eyes, or other body orifices that are not meant to be there and can cause harm.

Burn

A tissue injury resulting from excessive exposure to thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agents.

Scald

A burn caused by moist heat, hot liquids, steam, or hot vapors, often healing slower with more scar formation than dry burns.

Wallace Rule of Nines

A quick method of estimating medium to large burn areas in adults by dividing the body into areas divisible by $9$.

Lund & Browder Chart

An assessment tool for determining the percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) burned, specially designed for accuracy in children.

First Degree Burn

A superficial burn limited to the outer layer of the epidermis, marked by redness, tenderness, and mild pain without blisters.

Food Poisoning

An exposure to or ingestion of toxic substances, including drugs, alcohol, chemicals, and contaminated food, produced by the introduction of poison into the body.

Anaphylactic Shock

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction or exaggerated hypersensitivity to a previously encountered antigen that occurs within seconds or minutes.

Cardiogenic Shock

A condition of diminished cardiac output, often called pump failure, that severely impairs tissue perfusion.

Hypovolemic Shock

A life-threatening condition resulting from the loss of more than $20\%$ of the body's blood or fluid supply, making it impossible for the heart to pump sufficient blood.

Neurogenic Shock

An injury to the spinal cord causing autonomic dysregulation due to a loss of sympathetic tone and unopposed parasympathetic response.

Disaster

A man-made or natural event causing destruction and devastation that disrupts community functioning and exceed the community’s ability to cope using its own resources.

Emergency Preparedness

Awareness and understanding of the disaster plan at work and in the community to dealing with and avoiding risks.

Mitigation

The first phase of disaster management focused on identifying risk factors and implementing programs to prevent disaster occurrence or reduce its effects.