Pre-Enlightenment, Enlightenment, and English Civil War Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical terms, figures, and concepts from the Pre-Enlightenment, Enlightenment, and English Civil War/Glorious Revolution lecture notes.

The Classical Ages

The historical period of Classical Antiquity associated with the Greeks and Romans.

The Middle Ages

The period of history occurring between the Fall of Rome and the Renaissance.

Louis XIV

An absolute monarch associated with divine right, Versailles, the title Sun King, debt, and the role of God's Lieutenant.

Social Contract

A core political theory and concept analyzed by Enlightenment thinkers Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau.

Beccaria

An Enlightenment thinker associated with On Crime and Punishments, due process, fair and speedy trials, and opposing medieval torture, capital punishment, and cruel and unusual punishment.

Glorious Revolution

A bloodless transition involving Catholic vs. Protestant conflict that ousted James II and brought William of Orange and Mary II to power with the English Bill of Rights.

Roundheads

A key faction involved in the English Civil War alongside the Cavaliers leading up to the execution of Charles I.

Cavaliers

A primary faction in the English Civil War, contrasted with the Roundheads.

Philosophes

The key Enlightenment intellectuals and thinkers including Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, Smith, and Beccaria.

Laissez-Faire

An Enlightenment economic concept listed alongside free enterprise and Adam Smith.

Dissident Elite

A key concept studied in connection with revolutions in the 9-14/9-17 lesson unit.

Primogeniture

A rule or concept listed under the 8-26/8-27 study unit on the UK, Great Britain, England, and colonies.

Constitutional Monarchy

A limited monarchy system established in England, connected to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence.

Middle Passage

A key geographic concept listed under Map Questions alongside Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, and Native Americans.

Divine Right

The political doctrine linked to absolute monarchy and Louis XIV as God's Lieutenant, which was challenged by Enlightenment ideas and secularism.