Grade 12 Chemistry - Thermochemistry
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29 Terms
Thermochemistry
The study of the energy changes that accompany physical or chemical changes in matter
Energy
The ability to do work; SI units joules (J)
Work
The amount of energy transferred by a force over a distance; SI units joules (J)
Potential energy
The energy of a body or system due to its position or composition
Kinetic energy
The energy of an object due to its motion
Thermal energy
The total quantity of kinetic and potential energy in a substance
Heat
The transfer of thermal energy from a warm object to a cooler object
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of entities in a substance
Chemical system
A group of reactants and products being studied
Surroundings
All the matter that is not part of the system
Open system
A system in which both matter and energy are free to enter and leave the system
Closed system
A system in which energy can enter and leave the system, but matter cannot
Isolated system
An ideal system in which neither matter nor energy can move in or out
Exothermic
Releasing energy to the surroundings
Endothermic
Absorbing energy from the surroundings
Fusion
The process of combining two or more nuclei of low atomic mass to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
Fission
The process of using a neutron to split a nucleus a high atomic mass into two nuclei with smaller masses
Specific heat capacity
The quantity of thermal energy is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 C; SI units J/g. C
Calorimetry
The experimental process of measuring the thermal energy change in a chemical or physical change
Calorimeter
A device that is used to measure thermal energy changes in a chemical or physical change
Enthalpy (H)
The total amount of thermal energy in a substance
Enthalpy change
The energy released to or absorbed from the surroundings during a chemical or physical change
Molar Enthalpy change
The Enthalpy change associated with a physical, chemical or nuclear change involving 1 mol of a substance; SI units J/mooq
Potential energy diagram
A graphical representation of the energy transferred during a physical or a chemical change
Bond dissociation energy
The energy required to break a given chemical bond
Standard Enthalpy of formation
The change in Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its elements in their standard states
Standard state
The most stable form of a substance under standard conditions, 25 C and 100 kPa
Coal slurry
A suspension of pulverised coal in water
Syngas
A synthetic fuel produced from the gasification of coal