Human A&P Skeletal System Review:

What are the primary functions of bones in the body?

Support the body framework, protect vital organs, provide movement as levers for muscles, store minerals, produce blood cells, and store fat.

What are the five classifications of bones by shape?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

What is ossification?

The formation of bone.

What are the two types of ossification processes?

Intramembranous ossification (for flat bones) and endochondral ossification (for long bones).

What are the main differences between compact and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and provides strength, while spongy bone is porous, houses marrow, and reduces weight.

What are the parts of a long bone?

Diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), metaphysis (growth region), articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, and endosteum.

Which structures are involved in the microscopic structure of bone?

Osteon, central canal, lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi.

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

What are the three types of joints based on movement?

Synarthrosis (no movement), amphiarthrosis (slight movement), and diarthrosis (free movement).

What are the three types of joints based on tissue type?

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints.

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

They have a joint cavity and synovial fluid that allows for free movement.

Name the six types of synovial joints.

Hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, saddle, condyloid, and gliding joint.

What movements are classified under joint movements?

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, and retraction.

What is the function of the periosteum in bones?

It serves as the outer covering for growth and repair of bones.

What does the medullary cavity store?

It stores bone marrow.

How does the body classify true and false ribs?

True ribs are directly attached to the sternum, while false ribs have indirect or no attachment.

What type of bone is the patella classified as?

A sesamoid bone.

What are the three bones that make up the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis.

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Seven cervical vertebrae.

What type of movement does a hinge joint allow?

Flexion and extension.

What is the function of osteoblasts?

They build bone.

What type of joint is the knee?

A synovial hinge joint.

Where does hematopoiesis occur in bones?

In the red marrow.

What part of the bone reduces friction at the joints?

Articular cartilage.

What type of bone is responsible for blood cell production?

Red marrow found in spongy bone.

What is the structure that connects lacunae in bone cells?

Canaliculi.