Drugs to Know

Pathophysiology & Pharmacology I Exam 1

Prednisone

• Most common __ corticosteroid

• Take with __ or __

• P.O.

• Food, milk

Fludrocortisone

• Most __

• Used for __ Disease

• potent

• Addison’s

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

• Most common __ corticosteroid

• IV/IM/Intra-articular

Temazepam (Restoril)

• Sedative-hypnotic: reduces excessive stimulation & induces sleep

• ___ depressant

• Enhances ___ binding

• Onset of action: ___

Risk for ___ and ___

• CNS

• GABA

• 30 to 60 minutes

• dependence and withdrawal

Suvorexant (Belsomra)

• Duration of action: __

• Safety concerns: ___ sleepiness and ___ nighttime behaviors

• More common in men or women?

• 2 hours

• daytime and unconscious

• Women

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

• Is it a controlled substance?

• Indication: impaired sleep ___

• ___ agonist for sleep

• No

• ONSET

• melatonin

Zolpidem (Ambien)

• Long or short acting?

• Concern: __

• Lower or higher incidence of daytime sleepiness versus benzodiazepine hypnotics?

• What kind of sedative-hypnotic?

• short acting

• sleepwalking

• lower

• nonbenzodiazepine

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

• Mechanism of action not fully known, but ___ is believed to be involved

• Approved for __ term use

• Designed to provide __ hours of sleep

• What kind of sedative-hypnotic?

• GABA

• long

• 8

• nonbenzodiazepine

Kava

• What kind of product?

• Used for: ___

• Temporary __ skin discoloration

• Contraindications: ___

• herbal

• anxiety, stress, restlessness, insomnia

• yellow

• liver disease and alcohol use disorder

Valerian

• What kind of product?

• Used for: ___

• Interacts with: ___

• Adverse effects: __

• Contraindications: ___

• herbal

• anxiety, stress, restlessness, insomnia

• yellow skin discoloration, hepatotoxicity, nausea, vomit, anorexia, restlessness, insomnia

• cardiac, renal, liver diseases

Doxylamine (Unisom) and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

• Mechanism of action: ___

• Risks with long term use: ___

• Adverse effects: ___

• antihistamines

• dementia, cognitive impairment, tolerance and rebound insomnia, risk of falls

• dry mouth, daytime hangover, blurred vision, constipation

Melatonin

• Released from ___ gland

• ___ exposure suppresses release

• Hormone released in ___

• pineal

• light

• darkness

Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim/Bactrim/Septra)

Penicillins

Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone)

Carbapenems (Imipenem with cilastatin)

Macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)

Metronidazole

Linezolid

Vancomycin

Acyclovir

Ganciclovir

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

Ribavirin

Amphotericin B

Fluconazole

Nystatin

Terbinafine

Hydroxychloroquine

HIV

NSAIDs

Misoprostol

Normal lab range for WBC

4.5 to 11.0 × 109/L

Normal lab range for CD4

500 to 1,500 cells/mm³

Therapeutic blood level of vancomycin

10 to 20 mcg/mL

Therapeutic blood level of gentamicin

0.3 to 2.0 mcg/mL