Chapter 1: An Invisible World

C

Which of the following is true of the microbial world?

A. All microbes are harmful.

B. Humans could survive without microbes.

C. Many microbes are helpful.

D. Most microbes are pathogen

B

Which of the following is when humans first suspected the existence of microbes?

A. during the Industrial Revolution

B. in prehistoric times

C. in the last century

D. within the last 500 yea

A

What specific yeast is responsible for the rising of bread?

A. Saccharomyces

cerevisiae

B. Candida albicans

C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D. Leucospordium frigidum

D

Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation?

A.beer

B.bread

C.cheese

D.orange juice

C

Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation?

. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage.

B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.

C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.

D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bre

B

What is the name of a famous iceman who used natural laxatives and antibiotics?

A. The Iceman Cometh

B .Otzi the iceman

C. Kelab the icema

B

How did the Romans prevent illnesses from human waste?A. a variety of pharmaceutical products

B. They made massive aqueducts that brought in fresh water and made a huge sewer called

Cloaca Maxima to dump a whole lot of nasty into the river Tiber

C. prophylactic antibiotics

D. quarantine of people with leprosy

D

Who is considered the "father of Western medicine"?

A. Marcus Terentius Varro

B. Thucydides

C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D. Hippocrate

D

For which of the following is Thucydides known?

A. developing an effective sewer system in ancient Greece, helping to reduce levels of

disease in cities

B. observing microbes, using a microscope, for the first time, even distinguishing between

bacteria and fungi

C. proposing that disease was caused by microorganisms

D. realizing that people who had been infected by the Athenian plague had immunity to

reinfection

D

Who is the father of Western medicine?

A. Robert Koch

B.Louis Pasteur

C.Thucydides

D. Hippocrates

A

Varro was that first guy who said what?

A. Invisible things might be the cause of sickness

B. Diseases were caused by supernatural forces

C. God is the reason of sickness

B

Two examples of foods that have historically been made with microbes?

A.Rice and wine

B.Wine (with fermentation) and bread

C.Beer and rice

D. Bread and orange juic

D

Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called "animalcules," using a microscope he developed?

A. Robert Koch

B. Louis Pasteur

C. Thucydides

D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

B

What was Leeuwenhoek's first term for a cell?

A.Pathogens

B.Animalcules

C.The cell

D.Microbes

B

Who invented the vaccination for rabies in animals and humans?

A. Robert Koch

B. Louis Pasteur

C. Thucydides

D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A

Who discovered that specific bacteria cause specific illnesses?

A. Robert Koch

B. Louis Pasteur

C. Thucydides

D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoe

D

To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of equipment?

A. autoclaves

B. ethylene oxide

C. incubators

D. microincinerators

C

The term for the classification, description, identification, and naming of living organism

A.Entomology

B.Nomenclature

C. Taxonomy

D. Histology

B

Who first came up with the term for the classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms?

A. Ernst Haeckel

B. Carolus Linnaeus

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Robert Whittaker

D

What is the most basic taxonomic unit?

A.

Kingdom

B.

Genus

C.

Class

D.

Species

B

How many branches did Linnaeus' tree of life contain?

A. Three: animals, plants, and monera

B. Two: animals and plants

C. Two: animals, and minerals

D.Three: animals, monera, Protist

A

Who came up with the idea to add protista and monera to the main branches of the tree Linnaeus came up with?

A. Ernst Haeckel

B. Carolus Linnaeus

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Robert Whittaker

C

Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus's taxonomy?

A.animal

B.mineral

C.protist

D.plant

B

Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the following subgroups?

A. five kingdoms

B. four kingdoms

C. two domains and three kingdoms

D. two domains and five kingdom

D

who added the branch-fungi?

A. Ernst Haeckel

B. Carolus Linnaeus

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Robert Whittaker

A

Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree?

A.Plantae

B.Bacteria

C.Archaea

D.Eukarya

C

Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny?

A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species.

B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species.

C. Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.

D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat

C

Which kingdom was the only one found in Empire Prokaryota?

A. Animalia

B. Fungi

C. Monera

D. Protista

B

Do microogranisms with the monera description have nuclei?

A.Yes

B.No

C

Which are the three currently accepted domains?

A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota

C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista

D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya

A

Current phylogenetic analyses include which of the following?

A. information from a range of sources, including morphological, genetic, and biochemical

data

B. information on visible similarities only

C. information regarding how to classify organisms on the basis of external morphological

characteristics and visible behaviors

D. varied morphological and structural characteristics, with preference for leaving historical

classifications to prevent confusion

B

What is the term for a phenomenon in bacteria that makes constructing a linear tree of life difficult?

A. Vertical gene transfer

B. Horizontal gene transfer

C. Fermentation

C

horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following?

A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting

B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any other form of

gene transfer

C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one species to

another, but not from parent to offspring

D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring

C

Which partners came up with the first genetics-based tree of life and first classified archaebacteria?

A. Ernst Haeckel and Carolus Linnaeus

B. Louis Pasteur and Robert Whittaker

C. Carl Woese and George Fox

A

What is the term for "a two-word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and species" and who came up with it?

A .Taxonomy; Linnaeus

B. Naming convention; Ernst Haeckel

C. Binomial nomenclature; Linnaeus

D

Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using binomial nomenclature?

A. domain and kingdom

B. genus and family

C. genus and species

D. phylum and class

C

Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature?

A.Homo Sapiens

B.homo sapiens

C.Homo sapiens

D.Homo Sapien

D

bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is used primarily as which of the following?

. a guide to bacterial shapes

B. a historical account of changes in classification techniques

C. a list and characterization of all known medically relevant microbes

D. a reference for bacterial classificatio

a

about how large must an object be to see it with the naked eye?

A.

About 10 micrometers

B.

About 100 centimeters

C.

About 100 micrometers

D.

About 100 nanometer

C

Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons?

A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics.

B. They are acellular and nonliving.

C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis.

D. They lack a nucleus

A

Who are the prokaryotes?

A. Bacteria and archaea

B. Archaea and eukaryotes

C. Virus and bacteria

D

The cell walls of archaeans often contain which of the following substances?

A. cellulose

B. chitin

C. peptidoglycan

D. pseudopeptidoglycan

D

What is the fancy term for a ball-shaped cell?

A. Bacillus

B. Spirillum

C. Vibrio

D. Coccus

A

What is the fancy term for a rod shaped cell?

A.

Bacillus

B.

Spirillum

C.

Coccus

B

What cell shape is the term vibrio used to describe?

A. Round

B. Curved

C. Rod

D. Spiral

C

What is the term for a "unicellular eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi?

A. Archaea

B. Bacteria

C. Protist

D. Monera

B

Name two types of protists

A.

Archaea and bacteria

B.

Algae and protozoa

C.

Fungi and algae

D.

Algae and bacteria

A

What "are protists that make up the backbone of many food webs by providing nutrients for other organisms," often have flagella, and can be either photosynthetic or not?

A.

Protozoa

B.

Algae

C.

Helminths

D.

Fungi

C

diatoms are classified within which of the following domains?

A. Archaea

B. Bacteria

C. Eukarya

D. Prokaryota

D

What is a eukaryotic microorganism that has cell walls of chitin and is not photosynthetic?

A.Protozoa

B.Algae

C.Helminths

D.Fungi

D

Yeasts are which of the following?

A. a type of algae

B. a type of protist

C. any unicellular microbe

D. unicellular fungi

D

what type of microorganism is a mold?

A.

a type of algae

B.

a type of protist

C.

any unicellular microbe

D.

unicellular fungi

A

What are two drugs that molds are used to make?

A.

Penicillin and cyclosporin

B.

Cephalosporin and tetracycline

C.

Penicillin and tetracycline

D.

Tetracycline and cyclosporin

A

Bacteria are generally identified to species by using which of the following?

A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches

B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics

C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy

D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cell

B

for taxonomic classification of microbes, serological tests typically are used to do which of the following?

A. determine complete genome sequences for microbes

B. identify proteins on the basis of their reaction with specific antibodies

C. run analyses to identify whether particular genes are present

D. visualize microbial external morphology

C

Which of the following is true of bacterial strains?

A. They are closely related subtypes within a bacterial species that may or may not have

similar properties.

B. They are informal bacterial groupings used for medical distinctions but not recognized for

classification purposes.

C. They are more distantly related to each other than are members of a single bacterial

species.

D. They are very similar bacteria with almost identical properties

B

Which of the following indicates how bacteria and viruses typically compare in size?

A. Bacteria are indistinguishable from viruses.

B. Bacteria are much larger than viruses.

C. Bacteria are much smaller than viruses.

D. Bacteria are similar in size to viruses

D

Viruses are classified as which of the following?

Archaea

B. Bacteria

C. Eukarya

D. distinct from the three-domain system

D

Oral thrush is caused by which type of organism?

A. algae

B. bacteria

C. fungi

D. protists

C

Mycotoxins are produced by which type of organism?

A. archaeans

B. heterotrophic protists

C. molds

D. protozoan

C

What is the fancy term for multicellular parasitic worms?

A. Archaeans

B. Heterotrophic protists

C. Helminths

D. Protozoan

A

The guinea worm is best described as which of the following?

A. a helminthic parasite transmitted by consuming contaminated water

B. a type of mold that grows into a worm-like shape and produces antimicrobial chemicals

C. a type of protist found in water that has not been properly treated

D. a type of protozoan that is unusual because it is multicellular

D

Which of the following is true of the genetics of viruses?

A. Viruses always contain DNA and force host cells to produce RNA.

B. Viruses always contain DNA and RNA.

C. Viruses always contain RNA and force host cells to produce DNA.

D. Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, but not both

C

What is the fancy term for the study of fungi?

A.

Parasitology

B.

Protozoology

C.

Mycology

D.

Virology

A

What is the fancy term for the study of helminths and other parasities?

AParasitology

B.Protozoology

C.

Mycology

D.

Virology

B

What is the fancy term for the study of protozoa?

A.

Parasitology

B.

Protozoology

C.

Mycology

D.

Virology

B

What is the fancy term for the study of immune system?

A. Parasitology

B. Immunology

C. Mycology

D. Virology