JC History- medieval times

What was the layout of the feudal system (bottom to top)

Peasnats

Kniights

Soldiers

Nobles and lords

King

What's feudalism

Rulers divided land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes

What's peasants

The poorest people who worked on a lords land and lived in manors

What was a forge used for

Make tools and weapons

Who was the bailif

The man who was responsible for collecting taxes and keeping law and order

What's the open field system

The land was divided into three fields each field was divided into long strips of land tended by different families

Crop rotation

The crop planted in a strip would change every year

What's fallow

Empty for one year so that the soil could recover its nutrients

What's the common

Used for grazing the animals that belonged to the peasants

What's a tithe

Paid A tenth of their income to the local priests

What did stone castles have

Curtain walls for protection

The keep which had the lords apartment the great hall and chapel

Dungeons

Towers/turrets

Motte and bailey

Gatehouse and drawbridge

What were knights

Minor nobles who fought on horseback and swore an oath of chivalry

What are the three steps of becoming a knight

Page

Squire

Knight

What's the role of a Paige

Age Seven a boy would be sent to live with a family and would learn to ride a horse, use a sword, sing and dance. And learned manners helped the lady of the castle

What's the role of a squire

Age 14 the boy would learn to fight on horseback and would accompany the lord into battle, look after his horse and weapons and help the lord dress for battle and tournaments

What's the role of a knight

Age 21 could become a knight spent the night before praying in a chapel. Dressed in a white robe and full armour he took part in the ceremony of dubbing. Swore an oath of chivalry

What's an oath of chivalry

To stay loyal to his lord, protect the poor and weak and be brave in battle

What's a charter

Contract where the town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but had to pay taxes to the king

What's curfew

People had to extinguish their fires at sundown

What's a guild

Organisations of people who worked in the same trade

What's a masterpiece

The best example of his work

What's Christendom

The kingdom of Christ

What's the rule of st Benedict

The strict set of rules which monks had to live by

What's friars

Traveled around the countryside or set up friaries in towns

The Black Death

It killed a third of Europe's population in 1347 to 1350. It was carried by fleas it was extremely contagious contracted by sneezing coughing or touching dead bodies people believed it was a result of gods anger at human sins.

What was the impact of the Black Death

The feudal system declined

Peasant who remained demanded better treatment from their lords a reduction in taxes and more land

The failure to find a cure left doctors questioning their practices.