ATI Study set 8
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Q: What is Morphine used for?
A: Moderate to severe pain relief.
Q: What are complications of Morphine?
A: Respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, sedation.
Q: What should be monitored with Morphine use?
A: Respiratory rate; hold if less than 12 breaths per minute.
Q: What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A: Naloxone.
Q: What are non-opioid analgesics?
A: Acetaminophen and NSAIDs.
Q: What is the maximum daily dose of Acetaminophen?
A: 4 grams (4,000 mg).
Q: What is the antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity?
A: Acetylcysteine.
Q: What are NSAIDs used for?
A: Inflammation, pain, fever, arthritis.
Q: What are complications of NSAIDs?
A: GI upset, GI bleeding, renal impairment.
Q: What are contraindications for NSAIDs?
A: Peptic ulcer disease and renal dysfunction.
Q: What is Aspirin used for?
A: Pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet.
Q: What are complications of Aspirin?
A: Tinnitus, GI bleeding, Reye’s syndrome in children.
Q: What is Sumatriptan used for?
A: Acute migraine attacks.
Q: What are complications of Sumatriptan?
A: Chest pain and hypertension.
Q: What are Ergotamine derivatives used for?
A: Migraine treatment; vasoconstriction.
Q: What is Insulin used for?
A: Control blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Q: What are rapid-acting insulins?
A: Lispro and Aspart.
Q: What are short-acting insulins?
A: Regular insulin.
Q: What are intermediate-acting insulins?
A: NPH insulin.
Q: What are long-acting insulins?
A: Glargine and Detemir.
Q: What is the onset, peak, and duration of regular insulin?
A: Onset 30–60 min, peak 2–3 hr, duration 6–10 hr.
Q: What is the onset, peak, and duration of NPH insulin?
A: Onset 1–2 hr, peak 4–12 hr, duration 16–24 hr.
Q: What is the onset, peak, and duration of glargine insulin?
A: Onset 1 hr, no peak, duration 24 hr.
Q: What are signs of hypoglycemia?
A: Sweating, shakiness, tachycardia, confusion.
Q: What should be done for hypoglycemia in a conscious patient?
A: Give 15g of glucose (juice or glucose tabs).
Q: What should be done for hypoglycemia in an unconscious patient?
A: Give IV dextrose or IM glucagon.
Q: What are oral hypoglycemics?
A: Metformin, Glipizide, Repaglinide, Pioglitazone, Acarbose.
Q: What is the primary action of Metformin?
A: Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity.
Q: What are complications of Metformin?
A: GI upset, lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency.
Q: What should be avoided when taking Metformin?
A: Alcohol and contrast dye (can cause lactic acidosis).
Q: What is Levothyroxine used for?
A: Hypothyroidism.
Q: How should Levothyroxine be taken?
A: On an empty stomach in the morning before other meds.
Q: What are signs of Levothyroxine overdose?
A: Anxiety, tachycardia, heat intolerance, weight loss.
Q: What is Propylthiouracil (PTU) used for?
A: Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease).
Q: What are complications of PTU?
A: Agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity.
Q: What are Glucocorticoids used for?
A: Adrenal insufficiency, inflammation, autoimmune disorders.
Q: What are examples of Glucocorticoids?
A: Prednisone, Hydrocortisone.
Q: What are complications of long-term corticosteroid use?
A: Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, infection.
Q: What should be done when discontinuing corticosteroids?
A: Taper dose slowly to prevent adrenal crisis.
Q: What is Vasopressin used for?
A: Diabetes insipidus and cardiac arrest.
Q: What are complications of Vasopressin?
A: Water intoxication and hypertension.
Q: What are Immunizations important for?
A: Preventing communicable diseases and community immunity.
Q: What are contraindications for live vaccines?
A: Immunocompromised patients and pregnancy.
Q: What is Methotrexate used for in cancer therapy?
A: Inhibits cell reproduction; used in leukemia and other cancers.
Q: What are complications of Methotrexate?
A: Bone marrow suppression, mucositis, and hepatotoxicity.
Q: What is Doxorubicin used for?
A: Breast and other cancers (antitumor antibiotic).
Q: What are complications of Doxorubicin?
A: Cardiotoxicity and red urine discoloration.
Q: What is Vincristine used for?
A: Leukemia and lymphoma.
Q: What are complications of Vincristine?
A: Peripheral neuropathy and tissue necrosis with extravasation.
Q: What is Cyclophosphamide used for?
A: Lymphomas and solid tumors.
Q: What are complications of Cyclophosphamide?
A: Hemorrhagic cystitis and alopecia.
Q: What is Cisplatin used for?
A: Testicular and ovarian cancer.
Q: What are complications of Cisplatin?
A: Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Q: What is Tamoxifen used for?
A: Estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer.
Q: What are complications of Tamoxifen?
A: Hot flashes, DVT, endometrial cancer risk.
Q: What are antibiotics used for?
A: Treatment of bacterial infections.
Q: What are Penicillins used for?
A: Gram-positive bacterial infections.
Q: What are complications of Penicillins?
A: Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.
Q: What are Cephalosporins used for?
A: Broad-spectrum infections.
Q: What should be avoided when taking Cephalosporins?
A: Alcohol (causes disulfiram-like reaction).
Q: What are Tetracyclines used for?
A: Acne, Lyme disease, and chlamydia.
Q: What are complications of Tetracyclines?
A: Tooth discoloration, photosensitivity.
Q: Who should avoid Tetracyclines?
A: Pregnant women and children under 8.
Q: What are Macrolides used for?
A: Respiratory infections and STIs.
Q: What are examples of Macrolides?
A: Azithromycin, Erythromycin.
Q: What are complications of Macrolides?
A: GI upset, dysrhythmias, ototoxicity.
Q: What are Aminoglycosides used for?
A: Serious gram-negative infections.
Q: What is an example of an Aminoglycoside?
A: Gentamicin.
Q: What are complications of Gentamicin?
A: Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Q: What are Fluoroquinolones used for?
A: UTIs, respiratory, and GI infections.
Q: What are examples of Fluoroquinolones?
A: Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.
Q: What are complications of Fluoroquinolones?
A: Tendon rupture and photosensitivity.
Q: What is Metronidazole used for?
A: Bacterial and protozoal infections (e.g., C. diff, trichomoniasis).
Q: What should be avoided when taking Metronidazole?
A: Alcohol (causes severe nausea and vomiting).
Q: What are antifungals used for?
A: Fungal infections such as candidiasis.
Q: What are examples of antifungals?
A: Amphotericin B and Ketoconazole.
Q: What are complications of Amphotericin B?
A: Nephrotoxicity, infusion reactions, and hypokalemia.
Q: What are antivirals used for?
A: Viral infections such as herpes and influenza.
Q: What are examples of antivirals?
A: Acyclovir, Oseltamivir.
Q: What are complications of Acyclovir?
A: Nephrotoxicity and GI upset.