Fundamental types of tissues 2

connective tissues

have fewer cells and more ECM (fibers + ground substance).

Fibroblasts

(make fibers)

adipocytes

(fat cells)

chondrocytes

(cartilage cells)

osteocytes

(bone cells)

tendons

connect muscle to bone

ligaments

connect bone to bone

osteons or haversian system

Unit of bone structure

osteons or haversian system

a cylindrical unit of bone consisting of a central Haversian canal surrounded by concentric layers of lamella

Muscle tissue

is characterised by properties that allow movement

are excitable; they respond to a stimulus

contractile

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

muscle tissues are classified into three types according to structure and function

Skeletal

voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organs

Skeletal

long cylindrical fibre, striated, many peripheral located nuclei

Cardiac

Contracts to pump blood

Cardiac

short, branched, striated, single central nucleus

Smooth

Involuntary movement, moves food, involuntary control of respiration, moves secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction

Smooth

Short, spindle-shaped, no evident striation, single nucleus in each fibre

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to the bones at both ends by means of tendons

Syncytium

Skeletal muscle fibers or myofibers are arranged in bundles

Cardiac Muscle

striated, found only in the heart

Myocardial cells are short, branched and immediately interconnected/intercalated to form a continuous fabric

involuntary

Smooth Muscle

No striations

Found in the digestive tract, blood vessels, bronchioles, and the ducts of the urinary and reproductive systems

Coordinated wavelike contractions of circular and longitudinal layers 🡪 push food from oral to the anal end of the digestive tract (Peristalsis)

Nerve Tissues

Are specialised for the generation and conduction of electrical events

Cell body

Dendrites

Axon

3 parts of nerve tissue

Cell body

contains the nucleus and serves as the metabolic center of the cell

Dendrites (branches)

are highly branched cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body that receive input from other neurons or from receptor cells

Axon

 a single cytoplasmic extension of the cell body that can be quite long (up to a few feet in length)

Specialised for conducting nerve impulses from the cell body to another neuron or to an effector (muscle or gland) cell

Neuroglial cells

serve to bind neurons together

modify the EC environment of the NS

influence the nourishment and electrical activity of neurons

Tissue membrane

is a thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (skin), organs (pericardium), internal passageways that open to the exterior of the body (mucosa of stomach), and the lining of the moveable joint cavities.

connective tissue and epithelial membranes

two basic types of tissue membranes

Acute Inflammation/acute phase


The Immune Response/sub-acute or delayed phase


Chronic Inflammation/chronic proliferative phase

3 Phases of Inflammation