Deforestation in the 21st century

deforestation

B2 noun /diːˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ nạn phá rừng —/ forest clearance, logging/ afforestation, reforestation/ Deforestation contributes significantly to climate change.

desperate

B2 adj /ˈdes.pɚ.ət/ tuyệt vọng, liều lĩnh desperately (adv), desperation (n)/ hopeless, frantic/ hopeful, calm/ Farmers became desperate after months of drought.

pristine

C1 adj /ˈprɪs.tiːn/ nguyên sơ, tinh khôi —/ unspoiled, untouched, pure/ polluted, damaged/ Tourists are attracted to the island’s pristine beaches.

dominate

B2 verb /ˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/ chiếm ưu thế, thống trị domination (n), dominant (adj)/ control, prevail, rule/ submit, yield/ A few large companies dominate the agricultural export market.

urban population growth

B2 noun phrase /ˈɝː.bən ˌpɑː.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən ɡroʊθ/ sự gia tăng dân số đô thị —/ city population increase/ rural decline/ Urban population growth has placed pressure on housing and transport.

agricultural exports

B2 noun phrase /ˌæɡ.rɪˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈek.spɔːrts/ xuất khẩu nông sản agriculture (n), agrarian (adj)/ farm produce trade/ —/ Coffee and rice are among Vietnam’s main agricultural exports.

overall population growth

B2 noun phrase /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɔːl ˌpɑː.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən ɡroʊθ/ sự tăng trưởng dân số chung —/ total demographic growth/ population decline/ The country’s overall population growth has slowed in recent years.

resettlement schemes

C1 noun phrase /ˌriːˈset.l.mənt skiːmz/ kế hoạch tái định cư resettle (v), resettlement (n)/ relocation programs/ displacement without support/ Governments introduced resettlement schemes to support displaced villagers.

subsistence farming

C1 noun phrase /səbˈsɪs.təns ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/ nông nghiệp tự cung tự cấp subsist (v), subsistence (n)/ self

distant demands

C1 noun phrase /ˈdɪs.tənt dɪˈmændz/ nhu cầu từ xa (thị trường xa) —/ remote requirements/ local demands/ Tropical forests are often logged to meet distant demands for timber.

shift

B2 noun/verb /ʃɪft/ sự chuyển đổi, thay đổi shifting (adj), shifted (v)/ change, transition, move/ stability, stagnation/ There has been a shift towards renewable energy in recent decades.

increasing urbanisation

C1 noun phrase /ɪnˈkriː.sɪŋ ˌɝː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ sự đô thị hóa ngày càng tăng urbanize (v), urbanisation (n)/ city expansion/ ruralisation/ Increasing urbanisation creates challenges in waste management.

booming cities

B2 noun phrase /ˈbuː.mɪŋ ˈsɪt̬.iz/ các thành phố phát triển bùng nổ boom (n/v)/ rapidly growing cities/ shrinking towns/ Asia is home to many booming cities with populations over 10 million.

driving deforestation

C1 phrase /ˈdraɪ.vɪŋ ˌdiː.fɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ thúc đẩy nạn phá rừng drive (v), driver (n)/ causing deforestation/ preventing deforestation/ Agricultural expansion is one of the key factors driving deforestation.

rapid urban growth

B2 noun phrase /ˈræp.ɪd ˌɝː.bən ɡroʊθ/ sự phát triển đô thị nhanh chóng —/ fast city expansion/ slow urban growth/ Infrastructure cannot keep pace with rapid urban growth.

sustainable forestry

C1 noun phrase /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl ˈfɔːr.ə.stri/ lâm nghiệp bền vững sustain (v), sustainability (n)/ eco

abandoned land

B2 noun phrase /əˈbæn.dənd lænd/ đất bị bỏ hoang abandon (v), abandonment (n)/ unused land, deserted land/ cultivated land/ Abandoned land is being reclaimed for agricultural projects.

degraded land

C1 noun phrase /dɪˈɡreɪ.dɪd lænd/ đất bị thoái hóa degrade (v), degradation (n)/ damaged land/ fertile land/ Soil erosion has resulted in vast areas of degraded land.

national park

A2 noun /ˌnæʃ.ən.əl ˈpɑːrk/ vườn quốc gia —/ wildlife reserve, protected area/ unprotected land/ Yellowstone was the world’s first national park.

forest clearing

B2 noun phrase /ˈfɔːr.ɪst ˌklɪə.rɪŋ/ sự phát quang rừng clear (v), clearance (n)/ deforestation, logging/ afforestation, replanting/ Forest clearing is often done to create space for farming.

driving forces

C1 noun phrase /ˈdraɪ.vɪŋ fɔːrs.iz/ các lực thúc đẩy —/ motivating factors/ hindering factors/ Economic development is one of the main driving forces behind migration.

greenhouse gas emissions

B2 noun phrase /ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɡæs ɪˈmɪʃ.ənz/ khí thải nhà kính emit (v), emission (n)/ carbon emissions/ carbon capture/ Transport is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.

readily accessible

C1 adj phrase /ˈred.əl.i əkˈses.ə.bəl/ dễ tiếp cận access (n/v), accessibility (n)/ easily available, convenient/ difficult to reach/ Online learning materials are now readily accessible to students.

sceptic

C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪk/ người hoài nghi sceptical (adj), scepticism (n)/ doubter, disbeliever/ believer, supporter/ Climate change sceptics question the reliability of scientific evidence.

comprise

C1 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/ bao gồm, cấu thành comprised (v)/ consist of, include/ exclude, omit/ The committee comprises ten members from different disciplines.

utilize

C1 verb /ˈjuː.t̬əl.aɪz/ tận dụng, sử dụng hiệu quả utilization (n), utilizable (adj)/ employ, exploit, harness/ waste, ignore/ Engineers aim to utilize wind power for sustainable energy.

renewable

B2 adj /rɪˈnuː.ə.bəl/ tái tạo, có thể phục hồi renew (v), renewal (n)/ sustainable, inexhaustible/ finite, exhaustible/ Solar and wind energy are renewable sources of power.