republican town planning and pompeii

0.0(0)

Studied by 0 people

Knowt Play

Learn

Practice Test

Spaced Repetition

Match

Flashcards

Card Sorting

1/15

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics

Name	Mastery	Learn	Test	Matching	Spaced

No study sessions yet.

16 Terms

New cards

gauls

Tribes from France
Invaded Rome in early 4th century BCE

New cards

titus livy

Roman historian

New cards

early rome town planning

Hilly terrain, so urban planning was not systemic
- Street layout was irregular

New cards

town planning in the mediterranean

Orthogonal city plans
- right angled
- Grid systems
This was happening before the foundation of Rome, during the Republic

New cards

roman republic town planning

Starts out organic and unplanned
Later on they began using systemic, grid based planning
Etruscan
- Earlier
  - Reflected in the layout of Rome and temples like the temple of Jupiter
- They used fortification walls for defence and civic structure
Greek
- Orthogonal grid system
  - It reflects symmetry, proportion, rationality
Infrastructure
- They added pavements and sidewalks
- Insured water supply and drainage systems

New cards

ostia

Rectangular city
1st roman colony
castrum inspired layout
- Military camps
2 main street
- cardo
  - N to S
- decumanus
  - E to W
forum
- The intersection of the cardo and decumanus
- Central public space of the city
  - contains important places
Map is from the 4th century BCE

<ul><li><p><strong>Rectangular city</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>1st roman colony</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>castrum inspired</strong> layout</p><ul><li><p><strong>Military </strong>camps</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>2 main street</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>cardo</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>N to S</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>decumanus</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>E to W</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>forum</strong></p><ul><li><p>The <strong>intersection </strong>of the cardo and decumanus</p></li><li><p>Central <strong>public spac</strong>e of the city</p><ul><li><p>contains important places</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Map </strong>is from the <strong>4th century BCE</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

timgad

followed ostia's layout
- Also rectangular
- Forum at the centre
monumental gates at the ends of the cardo and decumanus
city is divided into square blocks
- Insulae
The city symbolized unity and the centralized power of the Roman Empire
as the city expanded there is irregular planning Due to a more organic development
- no longer in the square form

<ul><li><p><strong>followed ostia's layout</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Also rectangular</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Forum at the centre</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>monumental <strong>gates at the ends of the cardo and decumanus</strong></p></li><li><p>city is divided into <strong>square blocks</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Insulae</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>The city <strong>symbolized unity and the centralized power of the Roman Empire</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>as </strong>the city <strong>expanded </strong>there is <strong>irregular planning</strong> <strong>Due to</strong> a more <strong>organic developmen</strong>t</p><ul><li><p><strong>no longer</strong> in the <strong>square </strong>form</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

pompeii

in southern italy
not originally a roman city
- first group of people living in the area are oscans and then samnites
- after romans came into power pompeii absorbed Both groups
  - After the social war in 80 BCE
mount vesuvius
- 79 CE
- erupted and city covered in ash
  - caused great preservation of everyday life
stone steps
- pompeii tend to get flooded
Not the typical castrum plan
not rectangular
- blocks were more trapezoidal
- streets bend
- We know that this is not due to organic development because the newer sections which is on the east and the older areas surrounding the forum both show this type of irregularity
public spaces
- bakeries
- Thermapolla
  - Hot food vendors
- Brothels
  - Contain mural paintings
Residential areas
- Included homes and shops
Included aqueducts and drainage systems

<p> </p><ul><li><p>in <strong>southern italy</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>not originally a roman city</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>first group</strong> of people living in the area are <strong>oscans and then samnites</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>after </strong>romans came into power <strong>pompeii absorbed Both groups</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>After the social war in 80 BCE</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>mount vesuvius</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>79 CE</strong></p></li><li><p>erupted and <strong>city covered in ash</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>caused great preservation of everyday life</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>stone steps</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>pompeii tend to get flooded</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Not </strong>the typical <strong>castrum </strong>plan</p></li><li><p><strong>not rectangular</strong></p><ul><li><p> <strong>blocks </strong>were more <strong>trapezoidal</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>streets bend</strong></p></li><li><p>We know that this is <strong>not due to organic development because</strong> the <strong>newer sections</strong> which is on the east <strong>and </strong>the <strong>older areas</strong> surrounding the forum both <strong>show this type of irregularity</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>public spaces</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>bakeries</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Thermapolla</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Hot food </strong>vendors</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Brothels</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Contain mural paintings</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Residential areas</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Included homes and shops</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Included aqueducts and drainage systems</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

pompeii’s capitolium

aka Temple of Jupiter
- converted by romans
- etruscan influence and roman culture
  - narrow staircase
- structure attracts viewers to look inside

<ul><li><p>aka <strong>Temple of Jupiter</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>converted by romans</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>etruscan </strong>influence <strong>and roman culture</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>narrow staircase</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>structure <strong>attracts viewers to look inside</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

temple of apollo

etruscan
- high podium
- narrow staircase
greek
- inside
  - corinthian columns
- outside
  - doric and ionic
apollo statue
- etruscan
  - energetic movement
Hellenistic architecture
- used local and imperial influences

<ul><li><p><strong>etruscan</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>high podium</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>narrow staircase</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>greek</strong></p><ul><li><p> inside</p><ul><li><p><strong>corinthian columns</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>outside</p><ul><li><p>d<strong>oric and ionic</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>apollo statue</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>etruscan</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>energetic movement</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Hellenistic architecture</strong></p><ul><li><p>used local and imperial influences</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

basilica

long and narrow
- like the forum itself
has a central nave and flanking aisles divided by two-story columns
- corinthian and ionic
in the SW corner of the forum
oldest and most well preserved basilica
built in late 2nd cent
- some think 80 bce
for businesses and housed a law court

<ul><li><p><strong>long and narrow</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>like the forum</strong> itself</p></li></ul></li><li><p>has a <strong>central nave</strong> and flanking <strong>aisles divided by two-story columns</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>corinthian and ionic</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>in the <strong>SW corner of the forum</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>oldest and most well preserved basilica</strong></p></li><li><p>built in late <strong>2nd cent</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>some think 80 bce</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>for <strong>businesses and housed a law court</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

forum baths

separate for women and men
- but shared yard for exercise and
unique engg. system
central furnace
- warms up air which flows under the raised floor
  - hypocaust system
3 section
cold room
- frigidarium
warm room
- tepidarium
hot room
- caldarium
- stones + plaster (stucco)
- curved ceiling
- rectangular windows
- Hot water tub
- circular window on top
  - controls steam, light, and air
Photo
- Men's caldarium
- Pompeii
- 80 to 70 BCE

<ul><li><p>separate for women and men</p><ul><li><p>but <strong>shared yard for exercis</strong>e and</p></li></ul></li><li><p>unique engg. system</p></li><li><p><strong>central furnace</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>warms up air</strong> which <strong>flows under the raised floor</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>hypocaust system</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>3 section</p></li><li><p><strong>cold room</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>frigidarium</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>warm room</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>tepidarium</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>hot room</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>caldarium</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>stones + plaster (stucco)</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>curved ceiling</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>rectangular windows</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Hot water tub</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>circular window on top</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>controls steam, light, and air</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>Photo</p><ul><li><p><strong>Men's caldarium</strong></p></li><li><p>Pompeii</p></li><li><p><strong>80 to 70 BCE</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

theater

function
- speeches
- plays
- Performances
semi-circular
- Focuses into One Direction
stage (orchestra) + seating (cavea)
In Pompeii
- 80 to 70 BCE
- Inspired by Greek theatres
- Has a portico
  - Shelter for spectators
- Was renovated in the 1st century BCE
  - Added second seating level and vaulted entrances
- odeum theatre
  - had a roof at that time made of concrete
  - used for concerts and meeting

<ul><li><p>function</p><ul><li><p>s<strong>peeches</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>plays</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Performances</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>semi-circular</strong></p><ul><li><p>Focuses into One Direction</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>stage (orchestra) + seating (cavea)</strong></p></li><li><p>In Pompeii</p><ul><li><p><strong>80 to 70 BCE</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Inspired by Greek theatres</strong></p></li><li><p>Has a <strong>portico</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Shelter for spectators</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Was<strong> renovated in the 1st century BCE</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Added second seating level and vaulted entrances</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>odeum theatre</strong></p><ul><li><p>had a <strong>roof </strong>at that time <strong>made of concrete</strong></p></li><li><p>used for <strong>concerts and meeting</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

amphitheater

function
- hunting animals
- gladiator combat
- Public spectacles
looks like combining 2 theaters together
circular or oval shaped
- tiered seating on all sides
in pompeii
- 80 - 70 bce
- Earliest ever built
- roman ones larger and with more seating than the greek ones
- 20,000 spectators
  - more than pop.
- Seating arranged by rank
- Concrete vaults
- made of velarium for weather protection
- After 59 CE riot, closed for 10 years

<ul><li><p>function</p><ul><li><p><strong>hunting animals</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>gladiator</strong> combat</p></li><li><p>Public <strong>spectacles</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>looks like combining <strong>2 theaters together</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>circular or oval shaped</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>tiered seating on all sides</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>in pompeii</p><ul><li><p><strong>80 - 70 bce</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Earliest ever built</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>roman ones larger and with more seating than the greek ones</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>20,000 spectators</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>more than pop.</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Seating arranged by rank</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Concrete vaults</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>made of velarium for weather protection</strong></p></li><li><p>After <strong>59 CE riot, closed for 10 years</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

pompeii’s necropolis

Burials were outside the walls
For memorialization and to attract tourists
made of characterized homes
- most had reflection benches outside of them for visitors

New cards

evidence

Historical texts
Comparative studies
Archaeological findings
Limitations
- Not all Roman towns have the same level of excavation which can change our understanding of urban planning
- Some of the written sources are mythological or have bias