population genetics

bio 30

Hardy-Weinberg principle conditions

1. population is large

2. random mating

3. no migration

4. no mutations

5. no natural selection

Mutations

change in the dna

Gene flow

reduces genetic diversity in one population and increases it in another one

Genetic drift

change in allele frequencies due to chance affects in a small population

Founder effect

new population that is started with only a few individuals

Bottleneck effect

rapid decrease in populations

Natural selection

survivial of the fittest

4 causes of population change

deaths, births, immigration and emigration

Biotic potential

number of offspring that can be produced when there are no restrictions

K-selected species

large in size, few offspring, parental care

R-selected species

rapid reproduction and high offspring number, small in size and don’t require parental care

Intraspecific competition

within a species

Interspecific competition

between two species

Mimicry

evolved resemblance an organism and another organism that provides survival advantage

Commensalism

one organism is helped, while the other is not benefitted or harmed

Pioneer species

first plants after a natural disaster

Climax species

last species to grow in a new environment

Speciation

process by which species originate

Evolution

change in gene frequency