Crisis Management

what is the maturational type of crisis

-new developmental stage is reached

-old coping skills no longer effective

-leads to increased tension and anxiety

-examples of events that can precipitate a maturational crisis

^leaving home during late adolescence

^marriage

^birth of a child

^retirement

^death of a parent

what is the situational type of crisis

-arise from an events that are

^extraordinary

^external

^often unanticipated

examples

^loss or change of job

^the death of a loved one

^an abortion

^change in financial status

^divorce

^severe or mental illness

what is the adventitious type of crisis

-unplanned and accidental

^natural disaster: flood, fire, earthquake

^national disaster: war, riots, plane crash, acts of terrorism

^crime of violence: rape, assault, murder in workplace, bombing in crowded area, spousal or child abuse

what is phase 1 of crisis

-conflict or problems occur

-self concept threatened

-escalating anxiety from the threat activates defense response

what is phase 2 of crisis

-anxiety continues escalating as defense mechanisms fail

-functioning become disoriented

-feelings of extreme discomfort

-client resorts to trial and error attempts to resolve anxiety and restore normal balance

what is phase 3 of crisis

-trial and error attempts fail

-anxiety elevates to severe level or panic level

-automatic relief behaviors mobilized (withdrawal and flight)

-some form of resolution may be devised

what is phase 4 of crisis

-problem solving

^coping skills are ineffective

-overwhelming anxiety

^leads to feeling of powerlessness and being overwhelmed

-possible serious personality disorganization, depression, dissociative symptoms (detachment from reality, depersonalization), confusion, violence of others or self

critical incident stress debriefing seven phases.. what are they

1. introductory phase: meeting purpose explained

2. fact phase: discuss facts of the incident

3. thought phase: discuss first thoughts

4. reaction phase: worst thing about the incident- what they’d like to forget most=most painful

5. symptom phase: physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral experiences

6. teaching phase: normalcy of symptoms and thoughts affirmed. apply stress management techniques

7. re-entry phase: ask questions

what are the levels of crisis intervention

1. primary: promotes mental health and reduced metal illness to decrease the incidence of crisis ever occurring, or to minimize the damage

2. secondary: establishes intervention during an acute crisis to prevent prolonged anxiety from diminishing personal effectiveness and personality organization

   ^the primary focus is to ensure the safety of the patient

   ^the secondary focus is to lessen the time the patient is mentally disabled during a crisis

3. tertiary: provides support for those who have experienced severe crisis and are now recovering from a disabling mental state