RAD Pro 1 - Exam 2 Thoracic & Abdominal Anatomy and Imaging

What are the main components of the thoracic cavity?

1. bony thorax

2. respiratory system

3. mediastinum

4. pleural cavity

How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?

There are 12 pairs of ribs.

How do you differentiate between true, false, and floating ribs?

1. True ribs (1-7) attach directly to the sternum

2. false ribs (8-10) attach indirectly

3. floating ribs (11-12) do not attach to the sternum.

What is the difference between parietal and visceral pleura?

Parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity, while visceral pleura covers the lungs.

What are the 4 structures located in the mediastinum?

1. The heart

2. great vessels

3. trachea

4. esophagus

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity?

1. LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant)

2. RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant)

3. LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant)

4. RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant)

Name two topographic landmarks used in abdominal imaging.

Iliac crest and pubic symphysis.

What are the main digestive organs located in the abdominal cavity?

1. Oral cavity

2. esophagus

3. small intestine (SI)

4. large intestine (LI)

5. anal canal.

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

1. Liver

2. gallbladder (GB)

3. spleen

4. pancreas

What structures make up the urinary system?

1. Kidneys

2. ureters

3. urinary bladder

4. urethra

What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs?

Intraperitoneal organs are located within the peritoneal cavity, while retroperitoneal organs are located behind it.

What are some common pathologies related to the chest?

1. Pneumothorax

2. pleural effusion

3. hemothorax

4. pulmonary edema

5. empyema

6. atelectasis

7. pneumonia

8. SOB

9. Difficulty breathing

What are some abdominal pathologies to be aware of?

1. Bowel obstruction (ileus)

2. ascites

3. pneumoperitoneum

4. neoplasm

5. calcification.

What technical considerations are important for radiographic procedures?

1. kVp

2. mAs

3. exposure time

4. SID

5. grid use

6. marker placement

7. body habitus

8. phase of respiration.

What is the significance of patient preparation in radiographic procedures?

It includes patient identification, history, gowning instructions, and ensuring patient comfort.

What are the routine chest projections?

1. PA (erect standing & stretcher)

2. lateral

3. AP semi-erect/recumbent.

when & why is the lateral decubitus position used when performing a chest imaging?

to detect fluid levels or free air in the pleural space.

What criteria should be evaluated for image quality in radiographic procedures?

1. Projection/position demonstrated

2. inclusion of pertinent anatomy

3. correct positioning of patient and central ray

4. proper exposure

5. correct marker placement

What anatomy should be identified in chest radiographic images?

1. Apices

2. bases of lungs

3. costophrenic angles

4. diaphragm

5. heart shadow

6. aorta

7. hilum

8. sternum

9. clavicles

10. SC joints

11. trachea

12. thoracic spine

13. ribs.

What are the parts of the sternum?

1. Manubrium (jugular notch)

2. gladiolus (body) (sternal angle)

3. xiphoid process

What are the key features of the ribs to identify?

1. Head

2. neck

3. tubercle

4. axillary region.

What is the sternal angle?

The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum, also known as the angle of Louis.