Patho Final Exam 2

A client with pneumonia develops metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely cause?

Inadequate oxygen diffusion leading to anaerobic metabolism

Which of the following are typical clinical manifestations of status asthmaticus? Select all that apply.

• Altered level of consciousness

• Cyanosis

• Use of accessory muscles

• Severe wheezing

Which findings are commonly seen in cystic fibrosis? Select all that apply.

• Thick mucus production

• Pancreatic insufficiency

• Recurrent lung infections

Negative inversion

E

A nurse is caring for a client with thick secretions and low 02. Which nursing interventions are most appropriate? SATA

• Encourage use of an incentive spirometer every 1-2 hours while awake

• Administer a high-flow oxygen mask continuously

• Teach the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises regularly

• Perform chest physiotherapy

Which interventions are priority for a client with ARDS? Select all that apply.

• Prepare for mechanical ventilation

• Monitor arterial blood gases

• Administer 100% oxygen

The term ischemia indicates which processes occurring? SATA

• Partial lack of sufficient oxygen

• Inadequate blood flow

• Decreased delivery of nutrients

• Accumulation of toxic waste products

A pt. with a past Ml is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which chrenic

inflammatory process causes this?

Chronic autoimmune gastritis

What orders does the nurse anticipate for chronic sinusitis to reduce mucosal swelling and promote sinus drainage? SATA

• Inhaled glucocorticoids

• Nasal saline irrigation

• Over-the-counter antihistamines.

• Possible short-term antibiotics

A client with a DVT is prescribed anticoagulant therapy. What must be considered when administering this medication SATA

• Monitoring for signs of increased bleeding and hemorrhage.

• Monitor lab results related to coagulation.

The client's ABG results show: pH: 7.30 PaCO: 58 mm HgHCO:: 26 mEq/L-Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Respiratory acidosis due to hypercapnia

Which statement best explains the pathophysiology of ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch?

Adequate blood flow, not enough 02, or enough oxygen, but poor blood flow

A pt. with a history of CHF suddenly develops acute dyspnea, orthopnea, and frothy sputum. What is the suspected cause?

Pulmonary edema due to LEFT heart failure.

Pt presents with productive cough for 6 months, barrel chest, and hypercapnia.

Which condition does the nurse suspect?

Chronic bronchitis

The asthmatic pt. suddenly develops severe wheezing, SOB, and use of accessory muscles. What immediate action is needed?

Administer a short-acting-beta-agonist prescribed PRN

The pt. has a complete spinal cord transection, with lack of sensation in the legs and feet. Which neurons are impacted?

Afferent “away/afar” neurons

The pt. has a neurogenerative disease with Lewy bodies present. What do you conclude is the condition?

Parkinson’s Disease

The pt. with Atrial fibrillation is prescribed an anticoagulant. What is the intended effect of this medication?

To prevent the formation of thrombi that could lead to an embolic stroke.

The pt. has a suspected stroke. Which s/s would result from a stroke in the left cerebral areá of the brain?

Inability to raise the right arm. (Opposite Day)

What interventions will lower the client's risk of atherosclerosis and MI in the hypertensive pt.? SATA

• Teach the client to adhere to the prescribed statin therapy.

• Encourage decreased intake of dietary cholesterol.

• Teach the client to monitor blood pressure at home a few times per week.

• Encourage the client to choose healthier sources of fats and carbohydrates.

Post cardiac valve replacement, what S/S might indicate the client is developing cardiogenic shock? SATA

• pallor (pale skin)

• Tachycardia

• Weak peripheral pulses

The patient with angina makes several statements r/t healthy eating. Which show further education is needed? SATA (which are NOT good?)

• "I will have no more than two glasses of wine with meals from now on."

• "I should take antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E daily."

• *I often buy packages of baked bread and canned fruits and vegetables."

• "I can continue to eat red meat daily with sweetened iced tea."

The patient with angina makes several statements r/t healthy eating. Which show further education is needed? SATA (which are good?)

• "I will be sure to stay away from margarine when preparing foods." Some margarines contain trans fats, which are harmful to the heart, but there are heart-healthy alternatives. (?)

• "I should replace high-calorie foods with more fruits and vegetables."

The pt. is has suspected leukemia following abnormal lab results. What factor is often a cause of chronic leukemia? (leukemia is a hereditary disease)

Chromosomal abnormalities

The pt. is in hypertensive crisis. Which pathological process contributes to the severely elevated blood pressure?

Activation of baroreceptors and vasoconstriction to increased blood pressure.

A pt. with a suspected myocardial infarction has which laboratory test to look for cardiac muscle injury?

Troponin level

Which test provides the most direct measurement of the heart's ejection fraction & pumping ability for the pt with HF?

•two dimensional echocardiography

Which symptoms are most suggestive of tuberculosis?

• Night sweats and hemoptysis

• Resistant to destruction

• Can remain dormant for years

shock type - allergic reaction

anaphylactic