CRAT Test 3/4

4/T3

If a patient is experiencing sinus bradycardia and is symptomatic, which of the following would this rhythm not be the cause of?

1. Chest pain

2. Shortness of breath

3. Diarrhea

4. Hypotension

Diarrhea

symptoms NOT caused by Sinus Brady

5/T3

Which of the following will cause the baseline to have an uneven, coarsely jagged appearance that obscures the waveforms on the ECG?

1. Telemetry monitoring

2. Wandering baseline

3. Electrical interference

4. Muscle tremors

Muscle tremors (somatic tremors)

coarsely jagged(粗くギザギザした)

obscures （不明瞭な）

6/T3

Of the following, which would not be considered a potential cause for a patient to experience breathlessness?

1. Severe pulmonary edema

2. Cardiac arrhythmias

3. Osteoporosis

4. Pericarditis

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis: a condition that cause bones to become weak and brittle

11/T3

Which of the following would be considered concurrent with the end of ventricular systole?

1. T wave

2. R wave

3. Q wave

4. S wave

QRS is V-depolarization (signal to contract)

Mechanical functions=Ventricular systole

The end of ventricular systole coincides with the beginning of ventricular repolarization, which is marked by the T wave.

Thus, the T wave occurs concurrently(同時に) with the end of ventricular systole.

14/T3

Which of the following controls increases or decreases the size of the EKG tracing on the rhythm paper?

1. LCD display

2. Standardization

3. Speed

4. Gain

Gain.

It’s about height

20/T3

What is unique about the T wave on a rhythm strip with ventricular tachycardia?

1. Missing from the waveform

2. Inverted from normal

3. Opposite direction from QRS complex

4. Nothing

Opposite direction from QRS complex

21/T3

Vagal maneuvers and medications, such as which of the following, can be employed to slow the heart rate in symptomatic junctional tachycardia patients?

1. Adenosine

2. Amiodarone

3. Digoxin

4. Verapamil

Adenosine

22/T3

Rhythm strip (HR 200, Regular, No P)

1. Asystole

2. Atrial flutter

3. Atrial tachycardia

4. Atrial fibrillation

Atrial Tachycardia

It’s not A flutter 1:1, because

1. Presence of P wave (with interval)

2. HR is too slow. Aflutter 1:1 should be 250-350 bpm

3. They are not Flutter wave

It’s not A fib RVR, because

1. Regularity

2. presence of P wave (with interval)

have’s P wave, not flutter wave.

24/T3

When sinus arrhythmia is related to respiration, there will be which of the following with inspiration?

1. Increase in heart rate

2. Decrease in heart rate

3. Regularity in heart rate

4. Pause in heart rate

Increase in heart rate

(inspiration=inhale » inhale increase heart rate)

26/T3

The time between the end of depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles would be considered which of the following?

1. PR interval

2. QT interval

3. PP segment

4. ST segment

ST segment

27/T3

Sinus tachycardia can worsen myocardial ischemia by increasing the heart’s demand for which of the following?

1. Oxygen

2. Electrical impulse

3. Blood

4. Rest

Oxygen

1. Heart muscle works harder

2. More oxygen needed

   1. but can’t get it because HR too fast, so cell begin to die

28/T3

Third-degree AV block is most commonly classified as which of following?

1. Drug-induced (caused by medication)

2. Surgery-induced (resulting from surgery or procedural injury)

3. Congenital (Present at birth)

4. Acquired degenerative or disease-related (due to progressive conduction)

Acquired degenerative or disease-related

(They all can be cause)

30/T3

Premature Atrial Contractions are rarely dangerous but in a patient with which of the following conditions, they can serve as an early sign of heart failure or electrolyte imbalance?

1. Nonconductor premature atrial contractions

2. Hypoxia

3. Acute myocardial infarction

4. Pulmonary disease

Acute myocardial infarction

PAC on MI can trigger R-on-T phenomenon, lead to V tach.

On ECG, “Sinus rhythm with acute ST-elevation and frequent PAC”

33/T3

Asystole must be confirmed in more than one lead due to the fact that it closely resembles which of the following?

1. Fine ventricular fibirillation

2. Sinus pause

3. AV block

4. Artiact

Fine ventricular fibrillation

because its visual similarity to Asystole

34/T3

How many pulmonary veins does the huma body contain?

1. 2

2. 3.

3. 4

4. 5

4

• 4 pulmonary veins connected to the left atrium

  • Right Superior

  • Right Inferior

  • Left Superior

  • Left Inferior

37/T3

All of the following medications could cause brady cardia except?

1. Beta-adrenergic blocker

2. Digoxin

3. Amiodarone

4. NSAIDs

NSAIDs

39/T3

Chest lead electrodes always which of the following?

1. Negative

2. Neutral

3. Positive

4. Horizontal

Positive

• Chest leads = V1-V6

45/T3

Which of the following would be NOT considered the most commonly used leads for arrhythmia monitoring?

1. Lead 2

2. V1

3. V4

4. MCL1

V4

• Lead II is the best

46/T3

The atrial relax and fill with blood during which of the following?

1. Systole

2. Asystole

3. Diastole

4. Cardistole

Diastole

50/T3

Which of the following is the cell’s ability to transmit electrical impulses?

1. Automaticity

2. Excitability

3. Elasticity

4. Conductivity

Conductivity

• conductivity: the ability of nerve and muscle cells to transmit electrical signals across their membranes.

51/T3

The AV node’s primary function is to do which of the following?

1. Instigate electrical impulse

2. Redirect impulses

3. Delay impulses

4. All of the above

Delay impulse

57/T3

Which of the following leads would have a depression of the ST segment if the patient has experienced a posterior AMI?

1. V3

2. aVL

3. III

4. V6

V3

Inferior/Posterior = II, III, aVF

61/T3

Cardiac valves which have half-mooned shaped cusps would be considered which of the following?

1. Pulmonic valves

2. Tricuspid valves

3. Mitral valves

4. Both B and C

Pulmonic valves

1. AV valves = Tricuspid / Mitral valves

   1. Semilunar = Pulmonic /Aortic valves

62/T3

The recovery period for the ventricle conductive fibers is represented by which of the following?

1. U wave

2. T wave

3. QT interval

4. QRS complex

U wave

= The recovery period for the Ventricle conductive fibers (=Purkinje fibers and bundle branches)

63/T3

The correct range for the rate for atrial tachycardia would be considered which of the following?

1. 150-250 bpm

2. 80-100 bpm

3. 150-300 bpm

4. 150-180 bpm

150-250 bpm

Atrial tachycardia = 150-250 bpm

67/T3

Which of the following would not be considered a primary characteristic of a cardiac cell?

1. Conductivity

2. Automaticity

3. Communicatability

4. Contractility

Communicatability

(Primary characteristics relevant to cardiac cells are

• conductivity

• automaticity

• contractility

• excitability)

76/T3

The depolarization-repolarization cycle has five phase, during phase 1 and 2 and the beginning of 3, the cardiac cell is said to be in which of the following?

1. Refractory period

2. Automaticity

3. Excitability

4. Absolute refractory period

Absolute refractory period

1. Absolute refractory period

   1. =Phase 1,2, beginning of 3 (QRS-first half of T wave)

   2. Complete lock-out, zero response

2. Relative refractory period

   1. =last half of T wave

79/T3

Increased myocardial irritability typically causes ventricular tachycardia which can be caused by all of the following except?

1. Pulmonary embolism

2. Myocardial infarction

3. Myocardial ischemia

4. Cardiomyopahy

Pulmonary embolism

(clot in lung)

• Myocardial Infarction

• Myocardial ischemia

• Cardiomyopathy

  • Ventricular tach reduce blood flow; The heart muscle is damaged or dies because of it.

83/T3

During the cardiac cycle, which of the following events leads to closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves?

1. Isovolumetric Ventricular contraction

2. Ventricular ejection

3. Isovolumetric relaxation

4. Atrial systole

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

• When ventricles starts contract.

87/T2

Resulting from the blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole the passive stretching of the muscle fibers in the ventricles is called which of the following?

1. Systole

2. Preload

3. Afterload

4. Contractility

Preload

Preload: The influx of blood causes the Ventricular muscle fibers to stretch.

88/T3

Which of the following starts after the S wave and is typically round and smooth?

1. ST segment

2. T wave

3. QT interval

4. QRS complex

T wave

ST segment starts after the S wave, but it’s not round and smooth.

95/T3

When analyzing a cardiac rhythm strip, how many seconds would 5 large squares equal?

1. 1

2. 5

3. 30

4. 15

1

0.04 sec = 1 small

0.20 sec = 5 small=1 large

0.20 (1 large )× 5 = 1.0 sec

98/T3

If a patient cannot read, but is required to sign a consent form, which of the following is the correct method for obtaining consent?

1. Explain the procedure and consent form to the patient and a family member or the patient’s legal guardian

2. Just ask the patient to sign anyway

3. Read the form to the patient and request their signature

   1. Allow family member to read and sign for the patient

Explain the procedure and consent form to the patient and a family member or the patient’s legal guardian